Vietnam

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 95.3 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 1.11 Mt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 1.47 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 228 kt (2023) +71%

Value 228 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +70.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 19.6 kg/ha (2023) -12%

Value 19.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -11.8%

N balance in agroecosystems 1.31 Mt (2020) +174%

Value 1.31 Mt (2020)

Change since 1985 +173.9%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 30.2 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 4.14 kg/person (2023) +745%

Value 4.14 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1967 +744.9%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 1.15 Mt (2020) +235%

Value 1.15 Mt (2020)

Change since 1985 +234.9%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 259 kt (2020) +140%

Value 259 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 +139.9%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 284 kt (2020) +87%

Value 284 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 +86.6%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 1.65 kt (2020) +4607%

Value 1.65 kt (2020)

Change since 2000 +4607.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 420 kg/ha (2023) +2519%

Value 420 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +2518.8%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 1.56 Mt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 134 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 151 kg/ha (2023) +6402%

Value 151 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +6401.7%

Total N fertilizer production 1.8 Mt (2023) +11889%

Value 1.8 Mt (2023)

Change since 1976 +11888.8%

N fertilizer imports 549 kt (2023) +3824%

Value 549 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +3824.3%

N fertilizer exports 384 kt (2023) —

Value 384 kt (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 17.6 kg/ person (2023) +4088%

Value 17.6 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +4088.1%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 1.76 Mt (2023) +12505%

Value 1.76 Mt (2023)

Change since 1961 +12505.0%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 151 kg/ha (2023) +6402%

Value 151 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +6401.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 147 kg/ha (2023) +6211%

Value 147 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +6211.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 331 kt (2023) +270%

Value 331 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +269.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 28.4 kg/ha (2023) +91%

Value 28.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +91.1%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 32 g per $ (2023) +1373%

Value 32 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +1373.3%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 1.81 kt (2020) +37%

Value 1.81 kt (2020)

Change since 2000 +36.6%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 666 t (2023) +11504%

Value 666 t (2023)

Change since 2005 +11504.4%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 467 k$ (2022) +33502%

Value 467 k$ (2022)

Change since 2005 +33502.2%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 111 kt (2023) +167%

Value 111 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +166.7%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 73.6 M$ (2023) +1113%

Value 73.6 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +1113.4%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 113 kt (2011) +198%

Value 113 kt (2011)

Change since 2005 +198.2%

Export of ammonium nitrate 66.6 kt (2023) +2556%

Value 66.6 kt (2023)

Change since 2015 +2556.2%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 45.1 M$ (2022) +3919%

Value 45.1 M$ (2022)

Change since 2015 +3918.7%

Import of ammonium nitrate 25 kt (2023) +3846%

Value 25 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +3846.4%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 18.4 M$ (2023) +15141%

Value 18.4 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +15140.8%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 885 kt (2011) +21%

Value 885 kt (2011)

Change since 2005 +20.9%

Export of ammonium sulphate 12.7 kt (2023) +6081%

Value 12.7 kt (2023)

Change since 2007 +6081.4%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 20.9 M$ (2022) +46039%

Value 20.9 M$ (2022)

Change since 2007 +46039.5%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 1.1 Mt (2023) +132%

Value 1.1 Mt (2023)

Change since 2002 +132.4%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 180 M$ (2023) +353%

Value 180 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +353.2%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 23 t (2011) -53%

Value 23 t (2011)

Change since 2005 -53.1%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 22.1 t (2023) -98%

Value 22.1 t (2023)

Change since 2004 -97.8%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 26.4 k$ (2023) -85%

Value 26.4 k$ (2023)

Change since 2004 -84.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 1.71 Mt N (2023) +12113%

Value 1.71 Mt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +12112.5%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 25.1 kt (2022) +9907%

Value 25.1 kt (2022)

Change since 2002 +9906.7%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 8.47 M$ (2022) +3613%

Value 8.47 M$ (2022)

Change since 2002 +3613.4%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 241 kt (2023) +3294%

Value 241 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +3294.1%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 176 M$ (2023) +4031%

Value 176 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +4031.4%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 401 kt (2024) -35%

Value 401 kt (2024)

Change since 2013 -34.8%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 209 kt (2011) -90%

Value 209 kt (2011)

Change since 2005 -90.0%

Export of NPK fertilizers 286 kt (2022) +773%

Value 286 kt (2022)

Change since 2002 +773.3%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 286 M$ (2022) +773%

Value 286 M$ (2022)

Change since 2002 +773.3%

Import of NPK fertilizers 272 kt (2023) +141%

Value 272 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +140.7%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 157 M$ (2023) +288%

Value 157 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +288.1%

Production of NPK fertilizers 4.53 Mt (2024) +116%

Value 4.53 Mt (2024)

Change since 2004 +115.8%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.45 kt (2023) -17%

Value 1.45 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 -17.2%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 2.21 M$ (2022) +701%

Value 2.21 M$ (2022)

Change since 2002 +701.1%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 124 kt (2023) +1907%

Value 124 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +1906.8%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 83.3 M$ (2023) +4349%

Value 83.3 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +4348.8%

Agriculture use of urea 1.38 Mt (2011) -19%

Value 1.38 Mt (2011)

Change since 2005 -18.9%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 120 t (2011) -22%

Value 120 t (2011)

Change since 2009 -22.1%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 430 $ (2015) -92%

Value 430 $ (2015)

Change since 2002 -92.1%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.65 t (2015) -97%

Value 1.65 t (2015)

Change since 2002 -97.3%

Export of urea 617 kt (2023) +1199%

Value 617 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +1199.4%

Export value of urea 561 M$ (2022) +10210%

Value 561 M$ (2022)

Change since 2002 +10210.5%

Import of urea 302 kt (2023) -81%

Value 302 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 -81.2%

Import value of urea 117 M$ (2023) -45%

Value 117 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 -45.5%

Production of urea 2.75 Mt (2024) +516%

Value 2.75 Mt (2024)

Change since 2002 +515.8%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 629 kt (2023) +1925%

Value 629 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1924.6%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 147 kt (2023) +626%

Value 147 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +625.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 12.6 kg/ha (2023) +275%

Value 12.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +275.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching 242,668 kg/ha and ton (2023) +1157%

Value 242,668 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +1157.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 20.8 kg/ha (2023) +550%

Value 20.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +549.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 54 kg/ha (2023) +946%

Value 54 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +946.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 954 kt (2023) +538%

Value 954 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +537.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 246 kt (2023) +493%

Value 246 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +493.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 81.9 kg/ha (2023) +230%

Value 81.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +229.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 21.1 kg/ha (2023) +207%

Value 21.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +206.5%

Nitrogen use efficiency 33 % (2014) -6%

Value 33 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -6.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 14.7 Mt CO₂e (2024) +314%

Value 14.7 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +313.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 20,190 Gt CO₂e (2023) +153%

Value 20,190 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +153.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 201 t CO₂e/person (2023) +65%

Value 201 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 +65.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0254 t (2023) +140%

Value 0.0254 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +139.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.578 t (2023) +1022%

Value 0.578 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1022.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0001 t (2023) -67%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1999 -66.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0122 t (2023) +662%

Value 0.0122 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +662.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 7.43 t (2023) +195%

Value 7.43 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +194.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0121 t (2023) +48%

Value 0.0121 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.6%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0616 t (2023) +238%

Value 0.0616 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +238.5%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.008 t (2023) +300%

Value 0.008 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +300.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.274 t (2023) +50%

Value 0.274 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +50.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0057 t (2023) +138%

Value 0.0057 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +137.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.13 t (2023) +1021%

Value 0.13 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1020.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1999 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0027 t (2023) +575%

Value 0.0027 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +575.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 1.67 t (2023) +195%

Value 1.67 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +194.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0027 t (2023) +42%

Value 0.0027 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +42.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 31.1 t (2023) +139%

Value 31.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +139.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 708 t (2023) +1022%

Value 708 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1021.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.2 t (2023) -50%

Value 0.2 t (2023)

Change since 1999 -50.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 14.9 t (2023) +645%

Value 14.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +645.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 9.1 kt (2023) +195%

Value 9.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +194.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 14.9 t (2023) +48%

Value 14.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 30.9 kt (2023) +68%

Value 30.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +68.1%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 1.62 kt (2023) +140%

Value 1.62 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +139.5%

N content from crop residues, for maize 36.8 kt (2023) +1022%

Value 36.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1022.1%

N content from crop residues, for millet 9.19 t (2023) -58%

Value 9.19 t (2023)

Change since 1999 -57.7%

N content from crop residues, for oats 9.19 t (2023) -58%

Value 9.19 t (2023)

Change since 1999 -57.7%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 774 t (2023) +643%

Value 774 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +643.2%

N content from crop residues, for rice 473 kt (2023) +195%

Value 473 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +194.9%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 772 t (2023) +48%

Value 772 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 2.65 kg/ha (2023) -13%

Value 2.65 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -13.1%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 26.1 Mt CO₂e (2024) +468%

Value 26.1 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +467.5%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 203 % change (2024) +1431%

Value 203 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +1430.6%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 30,310 Gt CO₂e (2024) +10562%

Value 30,310 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +10561.8%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 1.03 % (2024) +422%

Value 1.03 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +422.0%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 1.47 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 913 kt CO₂e (2024) +214%

Value 913 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +213.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 16.5 kt CO₂e (2024) +150%

Value 16.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +150.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 683 kt CO₂e (2024) +664%

Value 683 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +663.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 2.19 Mt CO₂e (2024) +671%

Value 2.19 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +670.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 5.36 Mt CO₂e (2024) +73314%

Value 5.36 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +73313.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 476 kt CO₂e (2024) +2823%

Value 476 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +2822.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 1.72 Mt CO₂e (2024) +407%

Value 1.72 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +406.7%

Population (total) 102 M (2025) +212%

Value 102 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +212.3%

GDP (current US$) 515 B$ (2025) +3552%

Value 515 B$ (2025)

Change since 1985 +3551.7%

GDP per capita (current US$) 5.07 k$ (2025) +2023%

Value 5.07 k$ (2025)

Change since 1985 +2022.8%

Cropland area (% of land area) 15.7 % of land area (2023) +987%

Value 15.7 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +987.2%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 38 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 11.6 % of GDP (2025) -69%

Value 11.6 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1986 -69.4%

Cropland area (hectares) 11,649,036 ha (2023) +94%

Value 11,649,036 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +93.5%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations