Tunisia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 37.4 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 76.6 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.102 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 9.47 kt (2023) +309%

Value 9.47 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +309.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 1.91 kg/ha (2023) +251%

Value 1.91 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +251.2%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.32 kg/person (2023) -40%

Value 0.32 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 -39.6%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 139 t (2020) -45%

Value 139 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -45.4%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 49.9 kg/ha (2023) +911%

Value 49.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +911.0%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 106 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 51.8 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 13 kg/ha (2023) +1735%

Value 13 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1735.2%

Total N fertilizer production 126 kt (2023) +39622%

Value 126 kt (2023)

Change since 1967 +39622.1%

N fertilizer imports 16.2 kt (2023) +442%

Value 16.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +441.6%

N fertilizer exports 77.7 kt (2023) +2489%

Value 77.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1976 +2489.4%

N fertilizer use per capita 5.29 kg/ person (2023) +656%

Value 5.29 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +655.7%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 64.5 kt (2023) +2049%

Value 64.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2049.5%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 13.2 kg/ha (2023) +1756%

Value 13.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1756.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 11.5 kg/ha (2023) +1535%

Value 11.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1535.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 16.9 kt (2023) +425%

Value 16.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +424.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 3.41 kg/ha (2023) +350%

Value 3.41 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +350.5%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 9.95 g per $ (2023) +295%

Value 9.95 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +294.8%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 85.9 t (2020) +38%

Value 85.9 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +38.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Agricultural use of ammonia (anhydrous) 0 t (2016) —

Value 0 t (2016)

Change since 2002 —

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 30.4 t (2024) +1418%

Value 30.4 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +1418.5%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 18.5 k$ (2024) +2079%

Value 18.5 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2078.8%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 111 kt (2024) -70%

Value 111 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -70.2%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 60.6 M$ (2024) +42%

Value 60.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +42.4%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 164 kt (2016) +43%

Value 164 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 +42.8%

Export of ammonium nitrate 36 t (2011) -98%

Value 36 t (2011)

Change since 2002 -98.3%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 13.2 k$ (2011) -96%

Value 13.2 k$ (2011)

Change since 2002 -95.6%

Import of ammonium nitrate 9.43 kt (2024) +92%

Value 9.43 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +92.1%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 4.14 M$ (2024) +250%

Value 4.14 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +250.3%

Production of ammonium nitrate 157 kt (2012) +40%

Value 157 kt (2012)

Change since 2002 +40.2%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 3.55 kt (2016) -42%

Value 3.55 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 -41.8%

Export of ammonium sulphate 3.75 t (2016) -46%

Value 3.75 t (2016)

Change since 2002 -46.4%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 3.72 k$ (2016) +102%

Value 3.72 k$ (2016)

Change since 2002 +102.2%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 6.88 kt (2024) +13%

Value 6.88 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +12.7%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 1.57 M$ (2024) +273%

Value 1.57 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +273.0%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 56 t (2016) +833%

Value 56 t (2016)

Change since 2007 +833.3%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 259 t (2024) +4583%

Value 259 t (2024)

Change since 2007 +4583.0%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 76.2 k$ (2024) +2400%

Value 76.2 k$ (2024)

Change since 2007 +2399.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 57.1 kt N (2023) +1805%

Value 57.1 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +1804.8%

Agricultural use of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.79 kt (2016) +499%

Value 3.79 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 +499.4%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 107 t (2024) +5899%

Value 107 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +5899.4%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 275 k$ (2024) +4345%

Value 275 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +4345.0%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.83 kt (2024) +504%

Value 3.83 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +504.3%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 7.96 M$ (2024) +673%

Value 7.96 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +672.7%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 53 kt (2016) +4007%

Value 53 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 +4006.5%

Export of NPK fertilizers 3.22 kt (2024) +5272%

Value 3.22 kt (2024)

Change since 2004 +5271.5%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 3.22 M$ (2024) +5272%

Value 3.22 M$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +5271.5%

Import of NPK fertilizers 14.9 kt (2024) +1058%

Value 14.9 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1058.3%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 12.6 M$ (2024) +1391%

Value 12.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1391.2%

Production of NPK fertilizers 46 kt (2012) -26%

Value 46 kt (2012)

Change since 2011 -25.8%

Agricultural use of other nitrogenous fertilizers 70.9 kt (2016) +14886%

Value 70.9 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 +14886.0%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 72.2 t (2024) +7496%

Value 72.2 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +7495.8%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 30.2 k$ (2024) +7656%

Value 30.2 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +7656.4%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 66.4 kt (2024) +13908%

Value 66.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +13907.5%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 53.9 M$ (2024) +20491%

Value 53.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +20491.2%

Agriculture use of urea 3.71 kt (2016) +4%

Value 3.71 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 +4.1%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 115 t (2016) —

Value 115 t (2016)

Change since 2003 —

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 0.85 t (2008) —

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 2.75 k$ (2008) —

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 10.1 k$ (2024) +5522%

Value 10.1 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 +5522.2%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 36.8 t (2024) +15896%

Value 36.8 t (2024)

Change since 2003 +15895.7%

Export of urea 0.05 t (2023) -100%

Value 0.05 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -100.0%

Export value of urea 160 $ (2023) -100%

Value 160 $ (2023)

Change since 2006 -99.7%

Import of urea 5.27 kt (2024) +48%

Value 5.27 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +48.0%

Import value of urea 2.13 M$ (2024) +310%

Value 2.13 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +310.1%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 24.4 kt (2023) +1209%

Value 24.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1208.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 26.1 kt (2023) +229%

Value 26.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +229.4%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 5.27 kg/ha (2023) +183%

Value 5.27 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +182.8%

N lost from croplands through leaching 9,823 kg/ha and ton (2023) +941%

Value 9,823 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +941.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 1.98 kg/ha (2023) +794%

Value 1.98 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +794.2%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 4.93 kg/ha (2023) +1024%

Value 4.93 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1023.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 41.2 kt (2023) +155%

Value 41.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +154.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 14.7 kt (2023) +36%

Value 14.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +36.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 8.33 kg/ha (2023) +119%

Value 8.33 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +118.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 2.98 kg/ha (2023) +17%

Value 2.98 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +17.0%

Nitrogen use efficiency 47.6 % (2014) -51%

Value 47.6 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -51.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 1.44 Mt CO₂e (2024) +98%

Value 1.44 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +98.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 2,000 Gt CO₂e (2023) +36%

Value 2,000 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +36.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 164 t CO₂e/person (2023) -7%

Value 164 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -7.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0241 t (2023) -17%

Value 0.0241 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -16.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1988 +0.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0007 t (2023) -78%

Value 0.0007 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -78.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0151 t (2023) +459%

Value 0.0151 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +459.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0005 t (2023) -77%

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -77.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0937 t (2023) -32%

Value 0.0937 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -31.8%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0092 t (2023) -61%

Value 0.0092 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -61.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0054 t (2023) -17%

Value 0.0054 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -16.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1988 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0002 t (2023) -71%

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -71.4%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0034 t (2023) +467%

Value 0.0034 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +466.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0001 t (2023) -80%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -80.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0211 t (2023) -32%

Value 0.0211 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -31.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 29.6 t (2023) -16%

Value 29.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -16.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.1 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.1 t (2023)

Change since 1988 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.9 t (2023) -77%

Value 0.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -76.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 18.5 t (2023) +461%

Value 18.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +460.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.6 t (2023) -78%

Value 0.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -77.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 115 t (2023) -32%

Value 115 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -31.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 841 t (2023) -58%

Value 841 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -57.7%

N content from crop residues, for barley 1.54 kt (2023) -16%

Value 1.54 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -16.4%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 3.52 t (2023) -53%

Value 3.52 t (2023)

Change since 1988 -53.1%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 961 t (2023) +466%

Value 961 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +465.7%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 31.9 t (2023) -77%

Value 31.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -77.5%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 5.96 kt (2023) -32%

Value 5.96 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -31.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.17 kg/ha (2023) -64%

Value 0.17 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -63.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 2.45 Mt CO₂e (2024) +70%

Value 2.45 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +70.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 43.5 % change (2024) +398%

Value 43.5 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +398.1%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 3,341 Gt CO₂e (2024) +4841%

Value 3,341 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +4840.9%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.114 % (2024) +142%

Value 0.114 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +141.9%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.102 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 192 kt CO₂e (2024) +333%

Value 192 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +332.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 10.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +206%

Value 10.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +206.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 6.5 kt CO₂e (2024) +242%

Value 6.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +242.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 488 kt CO₂e (2024) -19%

Value 488 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -19.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 4.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +133%

Value 4.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +133.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 102 kt CO₂e (2024) +912%

Value 102 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +911.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 215 kt CO₂e (2024) +333%

Value 215 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +333.0%

Population (total) 12.3 M (2025) +189%

Value 12.3 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +189.4%

GDP (current US$) 57.5 B$ (2025) +6539%

Value 57.5 B$ (2025)

Change since 1961 +6538.9%

GDP per capita (current US$) 4.66 k$ (2025) +2221%

Value 4.66 k$ (2025)

Change since 1961 +2220.5%

Cropland area (% of land area) 13.6 % of land area (2023) +84%

Value 13.6 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +84.3%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 9 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 10.3 % of GDP (2025) -51%

Value 10.3 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1965 -50.5%

Cropland area (hectares) 4,950,500 ha (2023) +16%

Value 4,950,500 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +16.5%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations