South Africa

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 46.8 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 357 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.475 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 211 kt (2023) +484%

Value 211 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +483.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 17 kg/ha (2023) +473%

Value 17 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +473.0%

N balance in agroecosystems -583 kt (2020) +9%

Value -583 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 +9.2%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 5.52 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 3.27 kg/person (2023) +65%

Value 3.27 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +65.2%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 586 kt (2020) +54%

Value 586 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 +54.5%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 466 kt (2020) +2%

Value 466 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 +2.5%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 10.7 kt (2020) -0%

Value 10.7 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 -0.3%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 164 t (2020) -47%

Value 164 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -46.8%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2004 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 77.2 kg/ha (2023) +331%

Value 77.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +331.0%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 559 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 73.3 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 30.5 kg/ha (2023) +659%

Value 30.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +658.7%

Total N fertilizer production 146 kt (2022) +281%

Value 146 kt (2022)

Change since 1961 +281.3%

N fertilizer imports 578 kt (2023) +3223%

Value 578 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +3222.7%

N fertilizer exports 157 kt (2023) +14132%

Value 157 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +14132.1%

N fertilizer use per capita 9.14 kg/ person (2023) +184%

Value 9.14 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +183.9%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 578 kt (2023) +961%

Value 578 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +961.1%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 41.9 kg/ha (2023) +943%

Value 41.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +942.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 42.5 kg/ha (2023) +1142%

Value 42.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1141.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 45.5 kt (2023) +10%

Value 45.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +9.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 3.66 kg/ha (2023) +8%

Value 3.66 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +7.7%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 23.9 g per $ (2023) +225%

Value 23.9 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +224.6%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 381 t (2020) -8%

Value 381 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -8.4%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 4.88 kt (2024) -51%

Value 4.88 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -50.5%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 3.23 M$ (2024) +119%

Value 3.23 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +118.7%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 146 kt (2024) +33%

Value 146 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +32.6%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 61 M$ (2024) +434%

Value 61 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +434.2%

Export of ammonium nitrate 188 kt (2024) +30%

Value 188 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +30.3%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 106 M$ (2024) +345%

Value 106 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +345.4%

Import of ammonium nitrate 38 kt (2024) +94121%

Value 38 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +94120.5%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 14.8 M$ (2024) +142878%

Value 14.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +142878.2%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 75.9 kt (2011) +62%

Value 75.9 kt (2011)

Change since 2010 +62.2%

Export of ammonium sulphate 24.6 kt (2024) +43%

Value 24.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +43.4%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 7.45 M$ (2024) +456%

Value 7.45 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +456.2%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 400 kt (2024) +1534%

Value 400 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1533.7%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 74.9 M$ (2024) +4750%

Value 74.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +4749.8%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 129 kt (2011) +56%

Value 129 kt (2011)

Change since 2010 +56.4%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 7.08 kt (2024) -81%

Value 7.08 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -81.3%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 2.92 M$ (2024) -47%

Value 2.92 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -46.6%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 77.8 kt (2024) +257%

Value 77.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +256.5%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 16.9 M$ (2024) +718%

Value 16.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +718.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 527 kt N (2023) +1165%

Value 527 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +1165.1%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 69.7 kt (2024) +778%

Value 69.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +778.2%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 53.4 M$ (2024) +1370%

Value 53.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1370.2%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 16.8 kt (2024) +2305%

Value 16.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2304.8%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 21.4 M$ (2024) +1109%

Value 21.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1109.0%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers single year 128 t (2011) —

Export of NPK fertilizers 40.3 kt (2024) -77%

Value 40.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -77.0%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 40.3 M$ (2024) -77%

Value 40.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -77.0%

Import of NPK fertilizers 3.47 kt (2024) -76%

Value 3.47 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -75.5%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 3.75 M$ (2024) +84%

Value 3.75 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +83.8%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 235 kt (2024) +956%

Value 235 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +955.9%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 133 M$ (2024) +2653%

Value 133 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2652.6%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 245 kt (2024) +1682%

Value 245 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1682.1%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 56.2 M$ (2024) +2072%

Value 56.2 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2071.6%

Agriculture use of urea 752 kt (2011) +14%

Value 752 kt (2011)

Change since 2010 +13.7%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 801 t (2024) +531%

Value 801 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +531.0%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 476 k$ (2024) +2177%

Value 476 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2176.5%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 30.8 k$ (2024) +2082%

Value 30.8 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2082.3%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 8.32 t (2024) +6833%

Value 8.32 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +6833.3%

Export of urea 85 kt (2024) +132%

Value 85 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +132.1%

Export value of urea 40.9 M$ (2024) +701%

Value 40.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +701.2%

Import of urea 935 kt (2024) +32%

Value 935 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +32.1%

Import value of urea 323 M$ (2024) +330%

Value 323 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +330.2%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 127 kt (2023) +369%

Value 127 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +368.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 58.9 kt (2023) +72%

Value 58.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +71.9%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 4.74 kg/ha (2023) +69%

Value 4.74 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +68.7%

N lost from croplands through leaching 46,951 kg/ha and ton (2023) +256%

Value 46,951 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +255.9%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 3.78 kg/ha (2023) +249%

Value 3.78 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +249.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 10.2 kg/ha (2023) +360%

Value 10.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +360.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 549 kt (2023) +259%

Value 549 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +258.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 237 kt (2023) +519%

Value 237 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +518.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 44.2 kg/ha (2023) +252%

Value 44.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +251.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 19.1 kg/ha (2023) +507%

Value 19.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +507.4%

Nitrogen use efficiency 59.4 % (2014) -15%

Value 59.4 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -14.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 12.8 Mt CO₂e (2024) +43%

Value 12.8 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +43.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 13,440 Gt CO₂e (2023) +3%

Value 13,440 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +2.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 213 t CO₂e/person (2023) -34%

Value 213 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -33.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0721 t (2023) +555%

Value 0.0721 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +555.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0083 t (2023) -36%

Value 0.0083 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -35.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 2.1 t (2023) +135%

Value 2.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +134.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0013 t (2023) -64%

Value 0.0013 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -63.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0086 t (2023) -65%

Value 0.0086 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -65.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0595 t (2023) +199%

Value 0.0595 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +199.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0007 t (2023) -13%

Value 0.0007 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -12.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0004 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0159 t (2023) -82%

Value 0.0159 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -82.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.591 t (2023) +45392%

Value 0.591 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +45392.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.41 t (2023) +67%

Value 0.41 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +66.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.181 t (2023) -37%

Value 0.181 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -37.2%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0121 t (2023) +175%

Value 0.0121 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +175.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0151 t (2023) -62%

Value 0.0151 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -61.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0162 t (2023) +548%

Value 0.0162 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +548.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0019 t (2023) -34%

Value 0.0019 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -34.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.471 t (2023) +135%

Value 0.471 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +134.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0003 t (2023) -62%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -62.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0019 t (2023) -66%

Value 0.0019 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0134 t (2023) +198%

Value 0.0134 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +197.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0002 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0001 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -92.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0036 t (2023) -82%

Value 0.0036 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -82.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.133 t (2023) +44267%

Value 0.133 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +44266.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0924 t (2023) +67%

Value 0.0924 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +67.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 88.3 t (2023) +554%

Value 88.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +554.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 10.2 t (2023) -35%

Value 10.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -35.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 2.57 kt (2023) +135%

Value 2.57 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +134.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 1.6 t (2023) -64%

Value 1.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -63.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 10.5 t (2023) -65%

Value 10.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -65.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 72.9 t (2023) +200%

Value 72.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +200.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.9 t (2023) -10%

Value 0.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -10.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.5 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 19.5 t (2023) -82%

Value 19.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -82.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 724 t (2023) +45181%

Value 724 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +45181.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 503 t (2023) +67%

Value 503 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +66.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 4.07 kt (2023) +2%

Value 4.07 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1.5%

N content from crop residues, for barley 4.59 kt (2023) +556%

Value 4.59 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +556.2%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 530 t (2023) -35%

Value 530 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -35.3%

N content from crop residues, for maize 133 kt (2023) +135%

Value 133 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +134.5%

N content from crop residues, for millet 83.1 t (2023) -64%

Value 83.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -63.7%

N content from crop residues, for oats 83.1 t (2023) -64%

Value 83.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -63.7%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 3.79 kt (2023) +200%

Value 3.79 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +199.6%

N content from crop residues, for rice 44.2 t (2023) -12%

Value 44.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -12.0%

N content from crop residues, for rye 28.4 t (2023) -93%

Value 28.4 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -92.7%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 1.01 kt (2023) -82%

Value 1.01 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -82.2%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 37.6 kt (2023) +45813%

Value 37.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +45813.2%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 26.1 kt (2023) +67%

Value 26.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +66.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.328 kg/ha (2023) -0%

Value 0.328 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -0.3%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 19.1 Mt CO₂e (2024) +47%

Value 19.1 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +47.1%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 16.6 % change (2024) +3933%

Value 16.6 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +3932.9%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 18.8 Gt CO₂e (2022) +1%

Value 18.8 Gt CO₂e (2022)

Change since 2000 +1.0%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 20,294 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1500%

Value 20,294 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1499.8%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.691 % (2024) -22%

Value 0.691 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -21.7%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.475 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 403 kt CO₂e (2024) -15%

Value 403 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -15.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 228 kt CO₂e (2024) +4640%

Value 228 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +4639.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 250 kt CO₂e (2024) +27%

Value 250 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +26.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 2.92 Mt CO₂e (2024) +12%

Value 2.92 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +12.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 929 kt CO₂e (2024) +279%

Value 929 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +279.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 665 kt CO₂e (2024) +195%

Value 665 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +194.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 845 kt CO₂e (2024) +215%

Value 845 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +215.0%

Population (total) 64.7 M (2025) +294%

Value 64.7 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +293.8%

GDP (current US$) 427 B$ (2025) +4783%

Value 427 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +4782.9%

GDP per capita (current US$) 6.6 k$ (2025) +1140%

Value 6.6 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +1139.8%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.34 % of land area (2023) +123%

Value 0.34 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +123.2%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 22 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2.83 % of GDP (2025) -69%

Value 2.83 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1960 -68.7%

Cropland area (hectares) 12,413,000 ha (2023) +2%

Value 12,413,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1.9%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations