Somalia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 3.17 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 1.74 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.002 % (2009) —

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0 kg/person (2023) -100%

Value 0 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1969 -100.0%

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 0.129 kg/ha (2022) -77%

Value 0.129 kg/ha (2022)

Change since 1961 -77.0%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 9.05 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 16.5 kg/ha (2009) —

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 0 t (2019) -100%

Value 0 t (2019)

Change since 2007 -100.0%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 10 $ (2019) -94%

Value 10 $ (2019)

Change since 2007 -94.4%

Import of ammonium nitrate 110 t (2019) +59%

Value 110 t (2019)

Change since 2014 +59.4%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 42.5 k$ (2019) +99%

Value 42.5 k$ (2019)

Change since 2014 +98.6%

Export of ammonium sulphate single year 23.9 t (2016) —

Export value of ammonium sulphate single year 3.53 k$ (2016) —

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2009 -100.0%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 30 $ (2023) -98%

Value 30 $ (2023)

Change since 2009 -97.9%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0.03 t (2022) -40%

Value 0.03 t (2022)

Change since 2013 -40.0%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 20 $ (2022) -80%

Value 20 $ (2022)

Change since 2013 -80.0%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 715 t (2024) +204166%

Value 715 t (2024)

Change since 2004 +204165.7%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 879 k$ (2024) +42141%

Value 879 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +42141.3%

Import of NPK fertilizers 70 t (2024) +1299%

Value 70 t (2024)

Change since 2009 +1299.0%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 52.3 k$ (2024) +2019%

Value 52.3 k$ (2024)

Change since 2009 +2018.6%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 9.15 t (2016) -55%

Value 9.15 t (2016)

Change since 2006 -54.5%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 4.81 k$ (2016) -48%

Value 4.81 k$ (2016)

Change since 2006 -47.9%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 12.2 t (2024) +10067%

Value 12.2 t (2024)

Change since 2007 +10066.7%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 7.5 k$ (2024) +125%

Value 7.5 k$ (2024)

Change since 2007 +124.6%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 159 k$ (2020) +66046%

Value 159 k$ (2020)

Change since 2008 +66045.8%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 481 t (2020) +192400%

Value 481 t (2020)

Change since 2008 +192400.0%

Export of urea single year 418 t (2010) —

Export value of urea single year 112 k$ (2010) —

Import of urea 799 t (2024) -96%

Value 799 t (2024)

Change since 2005 -95.6%

Import value of urea 276 k$ (2024) -91%

Value 276 k$ (2024)

Change since 2005 -91.4%

Nitrogen use efficiency 10.6 % (2014) -21%

Value 10.6 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -21.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 4.15 Mt CO₂e (2024) +18%

Value 4.15 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +17.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 5,470 Gt CO₂e (2023) -7%

Value 5,470 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -7.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 298 t CO₂e/person (2023) -64%

Value 298 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -64.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0126 t (2023) +2420%

Value 0.0126 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2420.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0154 t (2023) -34%

Value 0.0154 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0005 t (2023) +150%

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1970 +150.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0511 t (2023) -33%

Value 0.0511 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0004 t (2023) -20%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1985 -20.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.007 t (2023) -28%

Value 0.007 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -27.8%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0003 t (2023) +200%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +200.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0001 t (2023) —

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0028 t (2023) +2700%

Value 0.0028 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2700.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0035 t (2023) -33%

Value 0.0035 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -32.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1970 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0115 t (2023) -33%

Value 0.0115 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1985 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 15.5 t (2023) +2483%

Value 15.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2483.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 18.9 t (2023) -33%

Value 18.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.7 t (2023) +133%

Value 0.7 t (2023)

Change since 1970 +133.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 62.6 t (2023) -33%

Value 62.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.4 t (2023) -33%

Value 0.4 t (2023)

Change since 1985 -33.3%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 804 t (2023) +2461%

Value 804 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2460.5%

N content from crop residues, for maize 982 t (2023) -34%

Value 982 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.6%

N content from crop residues, for rice 34.6 t (2023) +140%

Value 34.6 t (2023)

Change since 1970 +139.7%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 3.25 kt (2023) -33%

Value 3.25 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.0%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 22.6 t (2023) -22%

Value 22.6 t (2023)

Change since 1985 -22.3%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 4.85 Mt CO₂e (2024) +34%

Value 4.85 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +33.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 4.01 % change (2024) +129%

Value 4.01 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +128.6%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 6,149 Gt CO₂e (2024) +2544%

Value 6,149 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +2543.8%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.209 % (2024) +29%

Value 0.209 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +29.4%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.002 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 258 kt CO₂e (2024) +426%

Value 258 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +425.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 52.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +6512%

Value 52.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +6512.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 2.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +15%

Value 2.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +15.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 248 kt CO₂e (2024) +743%

Value 248 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +742.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 700 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 700 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 7.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +1100%

Value 7.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1100.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 124 kt CO₂e (2024) +531%

Value 124 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +531.0%

Population (total) 19.7 M (2025) +583%

Value 19.7 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +583.3%

GDP (current US$) 13 B$ (2025) +7101%

Value 13 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +7101.2%

GDP per capita (current US$) 661 $ (2025) +954%

Value 661 $ (2025)

Change since 1960 +953.8%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.0465 % of land area (2023) +109%

Value 0.0465 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +108.6%

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 55.8 % of GDP (1990) -13%

Value 55.8 % of GDP (1990)

Change since 1960 -13.4%

Cropland area (hectares) 1,129,200 ha (2023) +25%

Value 1,129,200 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +24.8%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations