Serbia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 25.2 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 71.2 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.095 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 30.4 kt (2023) +26%

Value 30.4 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +26.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 10.8 kg/ha (2023) +25%

Value 10.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 +25.1%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 13.6 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 7.57 kg/person (2023) -8%

Value 7.57 kg/person (2023)

Change since 2006 -7.8%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 71.4 t (2020) -1%

Value 71.4 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -0.8%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2006 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 138 kg/ha (2023) -5%

Value 138 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 -4.6%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 178 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 63.3 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 82.4 kg/ha (2023) -6%

Value 82.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 -6.2%

Total N fertilizer production 58.7 kt (2023) -44%

Value 58.7 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 -43.6%

N fertilizer imports 227 kt (2023) +53%

Value 227 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +52.8%

N fertilizer exports 53.1 kt (2023) +612%

Value 53.1 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +611.6%

N fertilizer use per capita 34.3 kg/ person (2023) +5%

Value 34.3 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 2006 +5.1%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 232 kt (2023) -5%

Value 232 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 -5.2%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 82.4 kg/ha (2023) -6%

Value 82.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 -6.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 74.3 kg/ha (2023) +16%

Value 74.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 +16.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 56.7 kt (2023) -33%

Value 56.7 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 -32.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 20.1 kg/ha (2023) -34%

Value 20.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 -33.6%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 34.3 g per $ (2023) -11%

Value 34.3 g per $ (2023)

Change since 2006 -10.6%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 245 t (2020) +69%

Value 245 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +69.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 3.4 t (2024) -99%

Value 3.4 t (2024)

Change since 2006 -99.5%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 16.6 k$ (2024) -95%

Value 16.6 k$ (2024)

Change since 2006 -95.4%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 50.1 kt (2024) +987%

Value 50.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +987.2%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 34.3 M$ (2024) +1985%

Value 34.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +1985.1%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 0 t (2023) —

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 253 kt (2011) +3%

Value 253 kt (2011)

Change since 2006 +3.4%

Export of ammonium nitrate 6.61 kt (2024) +637%

Value 6.61 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +636.9%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 2.89 M$ (2024) +1255%

Value 2.89 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +1254.5%

Import of ammonium nitrate 125 kt (2024) -4%

Value 125 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 -4.2%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 44 M$ (2024) +82%

Value 44 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +81.6%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2019) -100%

Value 0 t (2019)

Change since 2006 -100.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 23.5 kt (2011) +99%

Value 23.5 kt (2011)

Change since 2006 +98.9%

Export of ammonium sulphate 56.2 kt (2024) —

Value 56.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2007 —

Export value of ammonium sulphate 14 M$ (2024) +70012950%

Value 14 M$ (2024)

Change since 2007 +70012950.0%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 428 t (2024) -96%

Value 428 t (2024)

Change since 2006 -96.4%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 214 k$ (2024) -81%

Value 214 k$ (2024)

Change since 2006 -81.4%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 34.9 kt (2021) -58%

Value 34.9 kt (2021)

Change since 2019 -57.5%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 24.7 kt (2009) -0%

Value 24.7 kt (2009)

Change since 2006 -0.4%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 14.2 kt (2024) +30%

Value 14.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +30.2%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 4.49 M$ (2024) +97%

Value 4.49 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +97.2%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 83.5 kt (2024) +134%

Value 83.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +133.8%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 21.4 M$ (2024) +243%

Value 21.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +243.4%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 0 t (2023) —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 209 kt N (2023) +18%

Value 209 kt N (2023)

Change since 2006 +17.5%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.62 kt (2024) +1225%

Value 1.62 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +1224.8%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.29 M$ (2024) +1892%

Value 2.29 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +1892.2%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.89 kt (2024) +765%

Value 3.89 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +764.9%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.63 M$ (2024) +429%

Value 3.63 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +428.7%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.38 kt (2024) +233%

Value 2.38 kt (2024)

Change since 2019 +232.7%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 331 kt (2011) +128%

Value 331 kt (2011)

Change since 2006 +128.3%

Export of NPK fertilizers 254 kt (2024) +1261%

Value 254 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +1261.1%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 254 M$ (2024) +1261%

Value 254 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +1261.1%

Import of NPK fertilizers 196 kt (2024) +157%

Value 196 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +157.4%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 81.5 M$ (2024) +313%

Value 81.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +312.7%

Production of NPK fertilizers 436 kt (2024) +200%

Value 436 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +200.3%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 244 t (2024) +31%

Value 244 t (2024)

Change since 2006 +30.8%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 253 k$ (2024) +272%

Value 253 k$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +272.5%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 14.2 kt (2024) +939%

Value 14.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +939.0%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 4.35 M$ (2024) +871%

Value 4.35 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +871.0%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 44.9 kt (2024) -84%

Value 44.9 kt (2024)

Change since 2013 -83.7%

Agriculture use of urea 129 kt (2011) -25%

Value 129 kt (2011)

Change since 2006 -25.2%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 10.3 kt (2023) +114%

Value 10.3 kt (2023)

Change since 2007 +114.0%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 8.26 M$ (2023) +779%

Value 8.26 M$ (2023)

Change since 2007 +778.8%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 515 k$ (2024) +951%

Value 515 k$ (2024)

Change since 2015 +951.3%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 0 t (2023) —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.36 kt (2024) +680%

Value 1.36 kt (2024)

Change since 2015 +680.4%

Export of urea 28.8 kt (2024) +910%

Value 28.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +910.0%

Export value of urea 12.5 M$ (2024) +1463%

Value 12.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +1462.5%

Import of urea 365 kt (2024) +143%

Value 365 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +142.9%

Import value of urea 126 M$ (2024) +248%

Value 126 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +248.0%

Production of urea 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -100.0%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 86.7 kt (2023) -12%

Value 86.7 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 -12.3%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 21.6 kt (2023) +1%

Value 21.6 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +1.2%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 7.67 kg/ha (2023) +0%

Value 7.67 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 +0.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching 34,560 kg/ha and ton (2023) -17%

Value 34,560 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 2006 -16.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 12.3 kg/ha (2023) -17%

Value 12.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 -17.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 30.8 kg/ha (2023) -13%

Value 30.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 -13.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 237 kt (2023) +32%

Value 237 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +32.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 26 kt (2023) -17%

Value 26 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 -16.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 84.1 kg/ha (2023) +31%

Value 84.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 +30.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 9.22 kg/ha (2023) -18%

Value 9.22 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 -17.7%

Nitrogen use efficiency 70.3 % (2014) +22%

Value 70.3 % (2014)

Change since 2006 +22.5%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 11.8 mg/L (2021) +124%

Value 11.8 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2000 +123.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 2,710 Gt CO₂e (2023) -29%

Value 2,710 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -29.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 400 t CO₂e/person (2023) -18%

Value 400 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -17.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0991 t (2023) +84%

Value 0.0991 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +83.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0015 t (2023) -76%

Value 0.0015 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -75.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.838 t (2023) +7%

Value 0.838 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +7.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2006 —

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0085 t (2023) -47%

Value 0.0085 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -46.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0172 t (2023) -60%

Value 0.0172 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -59.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.003 t (2023) +7%

Value 0.003 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +7.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0013 t (2023) +8%

Value 0.0013 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +8.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.121 t (2023) +38%

Value 0.121 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +38.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.677 t (2023) +79%

Value 0.677 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +78.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0646 t (2023) -21%

Value 0.0646 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -21.1%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0191 t (2023) +26%

Value 0.0191 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +26.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0223 t (2023) +84%

Value 0.0223 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +84.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0003 t (2023) -79%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -78.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.188 t (2023) +7%

Value 0.188 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +7.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2006 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0019 t (2023) -47%

Value 0.0019 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -47.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0039 t (2023) -60%

Value 0.0039 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -59.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0007 t (2023) +17%

Value 0.0007 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +16.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0003 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0272 t (2023) +38%

Value 0.0272 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +38.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.152 t (2023) +79%

Value 0.152 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +79.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 121 t (2023) +84%

Value 121 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +83.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 1.8 t (2023) -76%

Value 1.8 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -76.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 1.03 kt (2023) +7%

Value 1.03 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +7.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2006 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 10.4 t (2023) -47%

Value 10.4 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -46.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 21.1 t (2023) -60%

Value 21.1 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -59.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 3.7 t (2023) +6%

Value 3.7 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +5.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 1.6 t (2023) +7%

Value 1.6 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +6.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 148 t (2023) +38%

Value 148 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +38.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 829 t (2023) +79%

Value 829 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +78.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 4.98 kt (2023) +36%

Value 4.98 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +35.7%

N content from crop residues, for barley 6.31 kt (2023) +84%

Value 6.31 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +83.5%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 92.6 t (2023) -77%

Value 92.6 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -76.6%

N content from crop residues, for maize 53.3 kt (2023) +7%

Value 53.3 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +7.1%

N content from crop residues, for millet 1.29 t (2023) -44%

Value 1.29 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -43.8%

N content from crop residues, for oats 1.29 t (2023) -44%

Value 1.29 t (2023)

Change since 2006 -43.8%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 1.1 kt (2023) -60%

Value 1.1 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 -59.9%

N content from crop residues, for rye 194 t (2023) +8%

Value 194 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +8.2%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 85.1 t (2023) +8%

Value 85.1 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +7.8%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 7.7 kt (2023) +38%

Value 7.7 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +38.0%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 43.1 kt (2023) +79%

Value 43.1 kt (2023)

Change since 2006 +78.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 1.77 kg/ha (2023) +34%

Value 1.77 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 2006 +34.3%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 2.56 Gt CO₂e (2023) -25%

Value 2.56 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -24.6%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 138 t (2023) -23%

Value 138 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -23.3%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 58.8 t (2023) -52%

Value 58.8 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -52.2%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 3,882 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1759%

Value 3,882 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1758.7%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.132 % (2024) -9%

Value 0.132 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -9.0%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.122 mg/L (2021) +7%

Value 0.122 mg/L (2021)

Change since 1999 +7.2%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.095 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Population (total) 6.55 M (2025) -1%

Value 6.55 M (2025)

Change since 1960 -1.4%

GDP (current US$) 100 B$ (2025) +458%

Value 100 B$ (2025)

Change since 1995 +457.7%

GDP per capita (current US$) 15.3 k$ (2025) +550%

Value 15.3 k$ (2025)

Change since 1995 +549.6%

Cropland area (% of land area) 2.54 % of land area (2023) +16%

Value 2.54 % of land area (2023)

Change since 2006 +16.4%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 33 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 3.29 % of GDP (2025) -77%

Value 3.29 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1995 -76.8%

Cropland area (hectares) 2,817,000 ha (2023) +1%

Value 2,817,000 ha (2023)

Change since 2006 +1.1%

Socio-economic Information

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations