Romania

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 14.2 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 139 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.185 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 28.1 kt (2023) +5%

Value 28.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +5.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 3.19 kg/ha (2023) +24%

Value 3.19 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +24.1%

N balance in agroecosystems -344 kt (2019) -143%

Value -344 kt (2019)

Change since 1990 -143.0%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 5.03 kg/person (2023) +906%

Value 5.03 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +906.0%

Nitrogen applied from organic fertilizers (excluding livestock manure) 0 t (2016) —

Value 0 t (2016)

Change since 2000 —

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 456 kt (2019) -23%

Value 456 kt (2019)

Change since 1990 -22.8%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 85.5 kt (2019) -66%

Value 85.5 kt (2019)

Change since 1990 -65.7%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 63.2 kt (2019) -70%

Value 63.2 kt (2019)

Change since 1990 -70.3%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 1.21 kt (2020) +39%

Value 1.21 kt (2020)

Change since 2000 +38.7%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 91.6 kg/ha (2023) +173%

Value 91.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +173.2%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 397 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 40.3 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 52.6 kg/ha (2023) +100%

Value 52.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.5%

Total N fertilizer production 60 kt (2023) -93%

Value 60 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -92.7%

N fertilizer imports 739 kt (2023) +16326%

Value 739 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +16326.3%

N fertilizer exports 98.4 kt (2023) -77%

Value 98.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -76.6%

N fertilizer use per capita 24.2 kg/ person (2023) +63%

Value 24.2 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +63.0%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 464 kt (2023) +69%

Value 464 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +69.2%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 52.6 kg/ha (2023) +100%

Value 52.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 57 kg/ha (2023) +284%

Value 57 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +283.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 173 kt (2023) -35%

Value 173 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -35.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 19.6 kg/ha (2023) -23%

Value 19.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -23.4%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 35.4 g per $ (2023) +22%

Value 35.4 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +22.1%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 469 t (2020) +96%

Value 469 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +96.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 773 t (2024) -97%

Value 773 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -97.2%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 419 k$ (2024) -87%

Value 419 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -86.7%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 4.75 kt (2024) +242385%

Value 4.75 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +242385.2%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 2.16 M$ (2024) +40261%

Value 2.16 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +40261.0%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 56.9 kt (2023) -95%

Value 56.9 kt (2023)

Change since 2013 -94.9%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 595 kt (2011) -10%

Value 595 kt (2011)

Change since 2010 -10.3%

Export of ammonium nitrate 13.2 kt (2024) -96%

Value 13.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -95.6%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 5.13 M$ (2024) -82%

Value 5.13 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -82.3%

Import of ammonium nitrate 311 kt (2024) +2408%

Value 311 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2407.5%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 105 M$ (2024) +10131%

Value 105 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +10131.1%

Production of ammonium nitrate 27.2 kt (2023) -97%

Value 27.2 kt (2023)

Change since 2010 -96.8%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 24.4 kt (2011) +1780%

Value 24.4 kt (2011)

Change since 2008 +1780.0%

Export of ammonium sulphate 9.65 kt (2024) -20%

Value 9.65 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -20.1%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 2.69 M$ (2024) +426%

Value 2.69 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +426.5%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 99.3 kt (2024) +22566%

Value 99.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +22565.9%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 21.3 M$ (2024) +32922%

Value 21.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +32922.4%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 32.4 kt (2011) +246%

Value 32.4 kt (2011)

Change since 2006 +246.0%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 26 kt (2024) -59%

Value 26 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -59.4%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 7.8 M$ (2024) +56%

Value 7.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +55.5%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 241 kt (2024) +40194%

Value 241 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +40193.9%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 66.2 M$ (2024) +144299%

Value 66.2 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +144298.6%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 502 kt N (2023) +226%

Value 502 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +225.5%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 4.28 kt (2024) +114%

Value 4.28 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +113.9%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.14 M$ (2024) +1442%

Value 3.14 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1441.6%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 14.5 kt (2024) +789%

Value 14.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +789.2%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 23.6 M$ (2024) +3291%

Value 23.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +3291.0%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 89 t (2023) +68%

Value 89 t (2023)

Change since 2013 +67.9%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 452 t (2011) +1%

Value 452 t (2011)

Change since 2007 +0.7%

Export of NPK fertilizers 49.1 kt (2024) -83%

Value 49.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -83.0%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 49.1 M$ (2024) -83%

Value 49.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -83.0%

Import of NPK fertilizers 276 kt (2024) +6121%

Value 276 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +6120.8%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 135 M$ (2024) +9857%

Value 135 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +9857.0%

Production of NPK fertilizers 35.3 kt (2023) -92%

Value 35.3 kt (2023)

Change since 2013 -92.0%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 4.3 kt (2024) +933%

Value 4.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +933.1%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 2.3 M$ (2024) +4042%

Value 2.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +4042.3%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 56.5 kt (2024) +4449%

Value 56.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +4448.9%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 21.3 M$ (2024) +1829%

Value 21.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1829.3%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 -100.0%

Agriculture use of urea single year 189 kt (2010) —

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 2.13 kt (2024) -99%

Value 2.13 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -98.9%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 776 k$ (2024) -93%

Value 776 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -93.2%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 22.8 M$ (2024) +154731%

Value 22.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2007 +154730.6%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 65 t (2023) -100%

Value 65 t (2023)

Change since 2013 -100.0%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 82 kt (2024) +174650%

Value 82 kt (2024)

Change since 2007 +174650.0%

Export of urea 54.2 kt (2024) -92%

Value 54.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -92.2%

Export value of urea 23.1 M$ (2024) -64%

Value 23.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -64.2%

Import of urea 265 kt (2024) +35334145%

Value 265 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +35334145.3%

Import value of urea 98.6 M$ (2024) +5571199%

Value 98.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +5571198.9%

Production of urea 1.47 kt (2023) -100%

Value 1.47 kt (2023)

Change since 2010 -99.8%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 191 kt (2023) +18%

Value 191 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +17.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 62.1 kt (2023) -50%

Value 62.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 7.05 kg/ha (2023) -41%

Value 7.05 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -40.8%

N lost from croplands through leaching 80,926 kg/ha and ton (2023) +0%

Value 80,926 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.4%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 9.18 kg/ha (2023) +18%

Value 9.18 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +18.3%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 21.7 kg/ha (2023) +39%

Value 21.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +38.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 498 kt (2023) +120%

Value 498 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +119.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 129 kt (2023) +139%

Value 129 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +138.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 56.5 kg/ha (2023) +159%

Value 56.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +159.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 14.6 kg/ha (2023) +181%

Value 14.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +181.4%

Nitrogen use efficiency 107 % (2014) +163%

Value 107 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +162.7%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 20.1 mg/L (2016) +26%

Value 20.1 mg/L (2016)

Change since 2011 +25.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 6.76 Mt CO₂e (2024) -13%

Value 6.76 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -12.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 611 kt CO₂e (2021) -100%

Value 611 kt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1989 -99.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 1.86 Mt CO₂e (2021) -93%

Value 1.86 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1989 -93.1%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 141 kt (2021) -53%

Value 141 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -52.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 6,550 Gt CO₂e (2023) -43%

Value 6,550 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -43.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 343 t CO₂e/person (2023) -32%

Value 343 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -32.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.376 t (2023) +267%

Value 0.376 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +266.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0027 t (2017) -98%

Value 0.0027 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 1.17 t (2023) +30%

Value 1.17 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +30.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0292 t (2023) -55%

Value 0.0292 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -54.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0453 t (2023) -69%

Value 0.0453 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -69.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0022 t (2023) -69%

Value 0.0022 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -68.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0052 t (2023) -78%

Value 0.0052 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -77.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0034 t (2023) +240%

Value 0.0034 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +240.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0701 t (2023) +2704%

Value 0.0701 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2704.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.91 t (2023) +109%

Value 1.91 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +109.1%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.154 t (2023) -36%

Value 0.154 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -36.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0001 t (2023) -75%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -75.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0649 t (2023) -22%

Value 0.0649 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -21.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0846 t (2023) +266%

Value 0.0846 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +266.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0006 t (2017) -99%

Value 0.0006 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.263 t (2023) +30%

Value 0.263 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +29.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0066 t (2023) -54%

Value 0.0066 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -54.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0102 t (2023) -69%

Value 0.0102 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -68.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0005 t (2023) -69%

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -68.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0012 t (2023) -77%

Value 0.0012 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -76.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0008 t (2023) +300%

Value 0.0008 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +300.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0158 t (2023) +2533%

Value 0.0158 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2533.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.431 t (2023) +109%

Value 0.431 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +109.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 460 t (2023) +267%

Value 460 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +266.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 3.3 t (2017) -98%

Value 3.3 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 1.43 kt (2023) +30%

Value 1.43 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +30.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 35.8 t (2023) -55%

Value 35.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -54.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 55.5 t (2023) -69%

Value 55.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -69.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 2.7 t (2023) -68%

Value 2.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -68.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 6.3 t (2023) -78%

Value 6.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -77.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 4.2 t (2023) +250%

Value 4.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +250.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 85.9 t (2023) +2763%

Value 85.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2763.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 2.35 kt (2023) +109%

Value 2.35 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +109.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 33.3 kt (2023) +128%

Value 33.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +128.3%

N content from crop residues, for barley 23.9 kt (2023) +267%

Value 23.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +266.8%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 172 t (2017) -98%

Value 172 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.5%

N content from crop residues, for maize 74.4 kt (2023) +30%

Value 74.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +30.0%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 2.88 kt (2023) -69%

Value 2.88 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -69.0%

N content from crop residues, for rice 140 t (2023) -68%

Value 140 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -68.4%

N content from crop residues, for rye 329 t (2023) -78%

Value 329 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -77.8%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 217 t (2023) +245%

Value 217 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +244.7%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 4.46 kt (2023) +2720%

Value 4.46 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2720.1%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 122 kt (2023) +109%

Value 122 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +109.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 3.78 kg/ha (2023) +169%

Value 3.78 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +169.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 9.79 Mt CO₂e (2024) -33%

Value 9.79 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -32.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -41.7 % change (2024) -50%

Value -41.7 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -50.2%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 159 kt (2021) -50%

Value 159 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -50.5%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 9.36 Gt CO₂e (2023) -59%

Value 9.36 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1989 -58.7%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 193 t (2023) -60%

Value 193 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -59.9%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 155 t (2023) -51%

Value 155 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -51.1%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 10,187 Gt CO₂e (2024) +2196%

Value 10,187 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +2196.1%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.347 % (2024) +12%

Value 0.347 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +12.4%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.0643 mg/L (2021) -90%

Value 0.0643 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2002 -89.7%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.185 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 282 kt CO₂e (2024) +168%

Value 282 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +168.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 3.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +0%

Value 3.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +0.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 31.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +14%

Value 31.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +14.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 2.09 Mt CO₂e (2024) -66%

Value 2.09 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -66.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 38.8 kt CO₂e (2024) -43%

Value 38.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -42.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 221 kt CO₂e (2024) +274%

Value 221 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +274.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 366 kt CO₂e (2024) -3%

Value 366 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -2.7%

Population (total) 19 M (2025) +3%

Value 19 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +3.3%

GDP (current US$) 429 B$ (2025) +1026%

Value 429 B$ (2025)

Change since 1987 +1026.1%

GDP per capita (current US$) 22.5 k$ (2025) +1259%

Value 22.5 k$ (2025)

Change since 1987 +1258.7%

Cropland area (% of land area) 1.76 % of land area (2023) -25%

Value 1.76 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 -24.7%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 1 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 3 % of GDP (2025) -86%

Value 3 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1990 -86.2%

Cropland area (hectares) 8,813,000 ha (2023) -15%

Value 8,813,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -15.2%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations