Portugal

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 56.1 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 131 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.175 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 1.64 kt (2023) -89%

Value 1.64 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -88.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 0.908 kg/ha (2023) -81%

Value 0.908 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -80.9%

N balance in agroecosystems 179 kt (2019) +2%

Value 179 kt (2019)

Change since 1995 +2.1%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 12.6 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 3.86 kg/person (2023) +230%

Value 3.86 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +229.9%

Nitrogen applied from organic fertilizers (excluding livestock manure) 253 t (2019) -21%

Value 253 t (2019)

Change since 1995 -20.9%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 105 kt (2019) -23%

Value 105 kt (2019)

Change since 1995 -23.2%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 98.9 kt (2019) +23%

Value 98.9 kt (2019)

Change since 1995 +22.8%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 18.6 kt (2019) -16%

Value 18.6 kt (2019)

Change since 1995 -16.4%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 70 t (2020) -44%

Value 70 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -44.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 179 kg/ha (2023) +225%

Value 179 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +225.1%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 197 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 84.1 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 49.3 kg/ha (2023) +119%

Value 49.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +119.1%

Total N fertilizer production 70 kt (2023) +27%

Value 70 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +27.4%

N fertilizer imports 147 kt (2023) +581%

Value 147 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +580.9%

N fertilizer exports 65.4 kt (2023) +707%

Value 65.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +707.0%

N fertilizer use per capita 8.31 kg/ person (2023) +8%

Value 8.31 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +8.1%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 86.7 kt (2023) +27%

Value 86.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +26.8%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 50.2 kg/ha (2023) +123%

Value 50.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +122.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 39.7 kg/ha (2023) +74%

Value 39.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +73.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 68 kt (2023) +8%

Value 68 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +8.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 37.6 kg/ha (2023) +82%

Value 37.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +81.7%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 11.4 g per $ (2023) -25%

Value 11.4 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 -25.2%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 105 t (2020) -7%

Value 105 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -6.8%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 14.7 kt (2024) -75%

Value 14.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -75.2%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 11.8 M$ (2024) +70%

Value 11.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +70.0%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 251 kt (2024) +952%

Value 251 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +952.4%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 125 M$ (2024) +3516%

Value 125 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +3516.1%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 81.9 kt (2024) —

Value 81.9 kt (2024)

Change since 2016 —

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 5.88 kt (2011) +82%

Value 5.88 kt (2011)

Change since 2008 +81.7%

Export of ammonium nitrate 3.11 kt (2024) +398%

Value 3.11 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +397.5%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 2.03 M$ (2024) +2090%

Value 2.03 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2090.4%

Import of ammonium nitrate 5.78 kt (2024) -44%

Value 5.78 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -43.8%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 2.09 M$ (2024) +0%

Value 2.09 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +0.3%

Production of ammonium nitrate 197 kt (2024) +55%

Value 197 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +54.8%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 26 kt (2011) +14%

Value 26 kt (2011)

Change since 2008 +14.5%

Export of ammonium sulphate 1 kt (2024) +910%

Value 1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +910.4%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 348 k$ (2024) +3951%

Value 348 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +3950.6%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 13.6 kt (2024) -66%

Value 13.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -65.6%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 2.89 M$ (2024) +7%

Value 2.89 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +6.7%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 37.5 t (2024) -100%

Value 37.5 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.7%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 92.9 kt (2011) -32%

Value 92.9 kt (2011)

Change since 2010 -32.1%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 78 kt (2024) -27%

Value 78 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -27.3%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 27.5 M$ (2024) +131%

Value 27.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +131.3%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 28.9 kt (2024) -48%

Value 28.9 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -47.6%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 7.99 M$ (2024) +25%

Value 7.99 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +24.5%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 16.2 kt (2024) -93%

Value 16.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -93.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 71.7 kt N (2023) +4%

Value 71.7 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +3.5%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.92 kt (2024) +926%

Value 3.92 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +926.3%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 8.51 M$ (2024) +12954%

Value 8.51 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +12954.1%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 45.9 kt (2024) +423%

Value 45.9 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +422.9%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 39 M$ (2024) +1162%

Value 39 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1162.1%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 25.4 kt (2024) +12785%

Value 25.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2012 +12785.3%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 2.63 kt (2011) +71%

Value 2.63 kt (2011)

Change since 2002 +71.3%

Export of NPK fertilizers 174 kt (2024) +56%

Value 174 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +56.1%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 174 M$ (2024) +56%

Value 174 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +56.1%

Import of NPK fertilizers 177 kt (2024) +42%

Value 177 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +42.4%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 84.7 M$ (2024) +339%

Value 84.7 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +339.0%

Production of NPK fertilizers 250 kt (2020) +68%

Value 250 kt (2020)

Change since 2006 +68.4%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 69.4 kt (2024) +108%

Value 69.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +107.9%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 21.1 M$ (2024) +277%

Value 21.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +277.0%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 28.4 kt (2024) +194%

Value 28.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +194.5%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 14.1 M$ (2024) +655%

Value 14.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +655.0%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 180 kt (2015) +70%

Value 180 kt (2015)

Change since 2002 +70.1%

Agriculture use of urea 159 kt (2011) +71%

Value 159 kt (2011)

Change since 2008 +70.8%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 22.7 kt (2011) +133653%

Value 22.7 kt (2011)

Change since 2008 +133652.9%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 261 t (2023) -2%

Value 261 t (2023)

Change since 2004 -2.0%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 125 k$ (2023) +62%

Value 125 k$ (2023)

Change since 2004 +62.1%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 481 k$ (2024) +18763%

Value 481 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +18763.1%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2016 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.54 kt (2024) +67090%

Value 1.54 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +67090.0%

Export of urea 32.7 kt (2024) +99%

Value 32.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +98.8%

Export value of urea 11.3 M$ (2024) +361%

Value 11.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +361.5%

Import of urea 217 kt (2024) +45%

Value 217 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +45.0%

Import value of urea 82.8 M$ (2024) +327%

Value 82.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +327.0%

Production of urea 1.65 kt (2024) -97%

Value 1.65 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -97.5%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 47.2 kt (2023) +20%

Value 47.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +19.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 5.34 kt (2023) +6%

Value 5.34 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +6.1%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 2.96 kg/ha (2023) +78%

Value 2.96 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +78.3%

N lost from croplands through leaching 22,516 kg/ha and ton (2023) +16%

Value 22,516 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +16.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 12.5 kg/ha (2023) +95%

Value 12.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +94.9%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 26.1 kg/ha (2023) +101%

Value 26.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +101.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 37.3 kt (2023) -25%

Value 37.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -24.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 6.75 kt (2023) -2%

Value 6.75 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -2.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 20.6 kg/ha (2023) +26%

Value 20.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +26.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 3.73 kg/ha (2023) +64%

Value 3.73 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +64.2%

Nitrogen use efficiency 19.2 % (2014) -42%

Value 19.2 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -42.5%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 16.1 mg/L (2021) -25%

Value 16.1 mg/L (2021)

Change since 1992 -24.8%

Share of all nitrate emissions to surface water attributable to agriculture single year 67 % (2015) —

Share of all nitrate emissions to ground water attributable to agriculture single year 100 % (2015) —

Percentage of all nitrate emissions to coastal water attributable to agriculture single year 0 % (2015) —

Share of monitoring sites located in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for nitrate, for ground water 23 % (2015) -4%

Value 23 % (2015)

Change since 2008 -4.2%

Percentage of monitoring sites located in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for nitrate, for surface water 0 % (2014) —

Value 0 % (2014)

Change since 2008 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 1.81 Mt CO₂e (2024) -10%

Value 1.81 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -9.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 57.2 Mt CO₂e (2021) +7%

Value 57.2 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +6.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 99.5 Mt CO₂e (2021) -42%

Value 99.5 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 -41.6%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 52.5 kt (2021) -9%

Value 52.5 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -8.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 1,720 Gt CO₂e (2023) -31%

Value 1,720 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -31.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 165 t CO₂e/person (2023) -34%

Value 165 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -34.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0056 t (2023) -71%

Value 0.0056 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -71.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0006 t (2017) -99%

Value 0.0006 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0948 t (2023) -11%

Value 0.0948 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -11.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0018 t (1972) +29%

Value 0.0018 t (1972)

Change since 1961 +28.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0043 t (2023) -89%

Value 0.0043 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -89.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.01 t (2023) -81%

Value 0.01 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0301 t (2023) -9%

Value 0.0301 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -8.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0029 t (2023) -94%

Value 0.0029 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0079 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0079 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.4%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0053 t (2023) -85%

Value 0.0053 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -84.7%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0 t (2017) —

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0011 t (2023) -27%

Value 0.0011 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -26.7%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0007 t (2023) -96%

Value 0.0007 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -96.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0013 t (2023) -70%

Value 0.0013 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -70.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0001 t (2017) -99%

Value 0.0001 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -99.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0213 t (2023) -11%

Value 0.0213 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -11.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0004 t (1972) +33%

Value 0.0004 t (1972)

Change since 1961 +33.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.001 t (2023) -89%

Value 0.001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -88.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0022 t (2023) -82%

Value 0.0022 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0068 t (2023) -8%

Value 0.0068 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -8.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0007 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0007 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0018 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0018 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 6.8 t (2023) -72%

Value 6.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -71.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.7 t (2017) -99%

Value 0.7 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -99.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 116 t (2023) -11%

Value 116 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -11.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 2.2 t (1972) +22%

Value 2.2 t (1972)

Change since 1961 +22.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 5.2 t (2023) -89%

Value 5.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -89.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 12.2 t (2023) -81%

Value 12.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 36.9 t (2023) -9%

Value 36.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -8.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 3.6 t (2023) -94%

Value 3.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 9.7 t (2023) -93%

Value 9.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 1.03 kt (2023) -76%

Value 1.03 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -75.7%

N content from crop residues, for barley 355 t (2023) -72%

Value 355 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -71.5%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 38.7 t (2017) -99%

Value 38.7 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.9%

N content from crop residues, for maize 6.03 kt (2023) -11%

Value 6.03 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -11.3%

N content from crop residues, for millet 116 t (1972) +25%

Value 116 t (1972)

Change since 1961 +25.5%

N content from crop residues, for oats 116 t (1972) +25%

Value 116 t (1972)

Change since 1961 +25.5%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 636 t (2023) -81%

Value 636 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.1%

N content from crop residues, for rice 1.92 kt (2023) -9%

Value 1.92 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -8.6%

N content from crop residues, for rye 186 t (2023) -94%

Value 186 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.6%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 502 t (2023) -93%

Value 502 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -93.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.57 kg/ha (2023) -59%

Value 0.57 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -59.1%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 2.89 Mt CO₂e (2024) -21%

Value 2.89 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -20.9%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -23.5 % change (2024) -1992%

Value -23.5 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -1991.7%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 61.4 kt (2021) -16%

Value 61.4 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -15.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 3.6 Gt CO₂e (2023) -5%

Value 3.6 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -5.2%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 131 t (2023) -49%

Value 131 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -48.7%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 56 t (2023) -17%

Value 56 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -17.2%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 2,789 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1135%

Value 2,789 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1135.1%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.095 % (2024) -40%

Value 0.095 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -39.5%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.224 mg/L (2010) -11%

Value 0.224 mg/L (2010)

Change since 2005 -11.1%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.175 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 135 kt CO₂e (2024) +34%

Value 135 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +33.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 4.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +153%

Value 4.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +152.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 58.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +34%

Value 58.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +33.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 399 kt CO₂e (2024) -69%

Value 399 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -68.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 52.4 kt CO₂e (2024) +482%

Value 52.4 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +482.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 154 kt CO₂e (2024) +194%

Value 154 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +193.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 274 kt CO₂e (2024) +82%

Value 274 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +81.6%

Population (total) 10.8 M (2025) +22%

Value 10.8 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +22.0%

GDP (current US$) 347 B$ (2025) +10281%

Value 347 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +10281.1%

GDP per capita (current US$) 32.1 k$ (2025) +8410%

Value 32.1 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +8410.3%

Cropland area (% of land area) 9.61 % of land area (2023) +66%

Value 9.61 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +65.9%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 37 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) -100%

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 -100.0%

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 1.96 % of GDP (2025) -59%

Value 1.96 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1995 -59.2%

Cropland area (hectares) 1,807,806 ha (2023) -40%

Value 1,807,806 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -40.5%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations