Panama

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 92.6 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 28.3 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.038 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 3.88 kt (2023) +11%

Value 3.88 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +11.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 5.7 kg/ha (2023) -8%

Value 5.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -8.0%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year -76.8 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 3.27 kg/person (2023) +134%

Value 3.27 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1968 +133.6%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2002 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 113 kg/ha (2023) +886%

Value 113 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +886.2%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 33.6 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 110 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 56.7 kg/ha (2023) +540%

Value 56.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +539.6%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

N fertilizer imports 38.6 kt (2023) +673%

Value 38.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +672.9%

N fertilizer exports 15 t (2023) —

Value 15 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 8.66 kg/ person (2023) +101%

Value 8.66 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.9%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 38.6 kt (2023) +673%

Value 38.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +672.6%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 64.1 kg/ha (2023) +623%

Value 64.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +622.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 51.3 kg/ha (2023) +478%

Value 51.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +478.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 18.1 kt (2023) +198%

Value 18.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +198.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 26.5 kg/ha (2023) +147%

Value 26.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +147.0%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 25.1 g per $ (2023) +161%

Value 25.1 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +160.8%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 17.9 t (2020) +17%

Value 17.9 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +16.9%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 0.89 t (2024) -88%

Value 0.89 t (2024)

Change since 2012 -87.9%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 7.41 k$ (2024) -57%

Value 7.41 k$ (2024)

Change since 2012 -56.5%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 72.5 t (2024) -61%

Value 72.5 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -61.4%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 138 k$ (2024) -6%

Value 138 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -6.2%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 1.71 kt (2021) -9%

Value 1.71 kt (2021)

Change since 2002 -9.3%

Export of ammonium nitrate 11.6 kt (2024) +2728%

Value 11.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2012 +2728.2%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 6.43 M$ (2024) +3294%

Value 6.43 M$ (2024)

Change since 2012 +3293.9%

Import of ammonium nitrate 8.94 kt (2024) +377%

Value 8.94 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +376.6%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 4.1 M$ (2024) +784%

Value 4.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +784.0%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2008 —

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 6.27 kt (2021) +15%

Value 6.27 kt (2021)

Change since 2002 +15.2%

Export of ammonium sulphate 13.4 t (2016) +2100%

Value 13.4 t (2016)

Change since 2010 +2100.0%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 2 k$ (2016) -39%

Value 2 k$ (2016)

Change since 2010 -39.4%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 5.81 kt (2024) +7%

Value 5.81 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +6.8%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 1.34 M$ (2024) +117%

Value 1.34 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +116.8%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2008 —

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 480 t (2021) -46%

Value 480 t (2021)

Change since 2002 -45.6%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 2.53 t (2020) +804%

Value 2.53 t (2020)

Change since 2007 +803.6%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 450 $ (2020) -97%

Value 450 $ (2020)

Change since 2007 -97.5%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 213 t (2021) -76%

Value 213 t (2021)

Change since 2002 -75.7%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 69.9 k$ (2021) -66%

Value 69.9 k$ (2021)

Change since 2002 -65.6%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2008 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 34.9 kt N (2023) +598%

Value 34.9 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +598.3%

Agricultural use of fertilizers n.e.c. 10.3 kt (2021) +318%

Value 10.3 kt (2021)

Change since 2020 +318.1%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 36.6 t (2024) +222%

Value 36.6 t (2024)

Change since 2005 +222.4%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 70.6 k$ (2024) +102%

Value 70.6 k$ (2024)

Change since 2005 +101.7%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 43.6 kt (2024) +256%

Value 43.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +256.2%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 25.9 M$ (2024) +541%

Value 25.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +541.2%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 4.35 kt (2021) -58%

Value 4.35 kt (2021)

Change since 2002 -58.2%

Export of NPK fertilizers 100 t (2023) +703%

Value 100 t (2023)

Change since 2006 +703.0%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 100 k$ (2023) +703%

Value 100 k$ (2023)

Change since 2006 +703.0%

Import of NPK fertilizers 23.9 kt (2024) +131%

Value 23.9 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +130.9%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 16 M$ (2024) +581%

Value 16 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +581.2%

Production of NPK fertilizers 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2004 —

Agricultural use of other nitrogenous fertilizers 31 t (2021) +675%

Value 31 t (2021)

Change since 2020 +675.0%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 69.2 t (2024) +549%

Value 69.2 t (2024)

Change since 2006 +549.1%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 83.8 k$ (2024) +116%

Value 83.8 k$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +115.6%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 2.25 kt (2024) -76%

Value 2.25 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -75.7%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.4 M$ (2024) -32%

Value 1.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -32.3%

Agriculture use of urea 25.8 kt (2021) +12%

Value 25.8 kt (2021)

Change since 2002 +12.4%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 3.21 kt (2021) —

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 2.55 k$ (2007) —

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2008 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 1.2 t (2007) —

Export of urea 103 t (2024) +463%

Value 103 t (2024)

Change since 2008 +463.4%

Export value of urea 64 k$ (2024) +242%

Value 64 k$ (2024)

Change since 2008 +242.2%

Import of urea 33.6 kt (2024) +47%

Value 33.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +46.6%

Import value of urea 13.6 M$ (2024) +216%

Value 13.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +216.1%

Production of urea 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2008 —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 17 kt (2023) +413%

Value 17 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +412.6%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 3.51 kt (2023) +541%

Value 3.51 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +541.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 5.15 kg/ha (2023) +431%

Value 5.15 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +430.9%

N lost from croplands through leaching 7,479 kg/ha and ton (2023) +337%

Value 7,479 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +336.7%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 11 kg/ha (2023) +262%

Value 11 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +261.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 25 kg/ha (2023) +325%

Value 25 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +324.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 18.8 kt (2023) +156%

Value 18.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +155.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 3.84 kt (2023) +58%

Value 3.84 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +57.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 27.6 kg/ha (2023) +112%

Value 27.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +111.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 5.64 kg/ha (2023) +31%

Value 5.64 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +30.5%

Nitrogen use efficiency 21 % (2014) -20%

Value 21 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -20.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 774 kt CO₂e (2024) +51%

Value 774 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +51.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 1,100 Gt CO₂e (2023) +29%

Value 1,100 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +29.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 247 t CO₂e/person (2023) -29%

Value 247 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -28.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0018 t (2023) -33%

Value 0.0018 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0223 t (2023) +51%

Value 0.0223 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +50.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0008 t (2023) +167%

Value 0.0008 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +166.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0835 t (2023) +92%

Value 0.0835 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +92.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0001 t (2023) -97%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1979 -97.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0001 t (2023) —

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1991 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0038 t (2023) -41%

Value 0.0038 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -40.6%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0011 t (2023) +83%

Value 0.0011 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +83.3%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0039 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0039 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0004 t (2023) -33%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.005 t (2023) +52%

Value 0.005 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +51.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0002 t (2023) +100%

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0188 t (2023) +92%

Value 0.0188 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +91.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1979 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1991 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 2.2 t (2023) -33%

Value 2.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -33.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 27.3 t (2023) +51%

Value 27.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +50.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 0.9 t (2023) +125%

Value 0.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +125.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 102 t (2023) +92%

Value 102 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +92.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.1 t (2023) -98%

Value 0.1 t (2023)

Change since 1979 -97.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.1 t (2023) —

Value 0.1 t (2023)

Change since 1991 —

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 233 t (2023) +18%

Value 233 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +17.6%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 113 t (2023) -34%

Value 113 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -34.1%

N content from crop residues, for maize 1.42 kt (2023) +51%

Value 1.42 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +51.2%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 49.2 t (2023) +131%

Value 49.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +130.9%

N content from crop residues, for rice 5.31 kt (2023) +92%

Value 5.31 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +92.4%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 7.17 t (2023) -97%

Value 7.17 t (2023)

Change since 1979 -96.6%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 4.17 t (2023) +151%

Value 4.17 t (2023)

Change since 1991 +150.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.343 kg/ha (2023) -3%

Value 0.343 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -2.6%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.05 Mt CO₂e (2024) +80%

Value 1.05 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +79.6%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 42.6 % change (2024) +1393%

Value 42.6 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +1392.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1 Gt CO₂e (2021) +54%

Value 1 Gt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 2000 +54.4%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 1,292 Gt CO₂e (2024) +5532%

Value 1,292 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +5532.1%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.044 % (2024) +176%

Value 0.044 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +175.8%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.038 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 7.5 kt CO₂e (2024) -39%

Value 7.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -38.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 0 t CO₂e (2024) -100%

Value 0 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -100.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 7.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +111%

Value 7.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +110.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 96.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +221%

Value 96.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +221.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 11.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +815%

Value 11.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +815.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 74.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +844%

Value 74.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +844.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 73.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +386%

Value 73.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +385.5%

Population (total) 4.57 M (2025) +306%

Value 4.57 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +306.0%

GDP (current US$) 90.5 B$ (2025) +16741%

Value 90.5 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +16741.3%

GDP per capita (current US$) 19.8 k$ (2025) +4048%

Value 19.8 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +4048.5%

Cropland area (% of land area) 1.56 % of land area (2023) -8%

Value 1.56 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 -7.8%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 30 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2.62 % of GDP (2025) -76%

Value 2.62 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1970 -75.8%

Cropland area (hectares) 680,966 ha (2023) +21%

Value 680,966 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +20.7%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations