Mozambique

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year -8.69 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year -27.3 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year -0.036 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 112 kt (2023) +394%

Value 112 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +394.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 18.5 kg/ha (2023) +117%

Value 18.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +116.5%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 2.12 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.37 kg/person (2023) +429%

Value 0.37 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +428.6%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2013 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 15.1 kg/ha (2023) +942%

Value 15.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +941.6%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 7.31 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 2.35 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 9.34 kg/ha (2023) +894%

Value 9.34 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +893.6%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1970 -100.0%

N fertilizer imports 86.9 kt (2023) +3374%

Value 86.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +3374.5%

N fertilizer exports 30.4 kt (2023) +21124%

Value 30.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1970 +21123.8%

N fertilizer use per capita 1.68 kg/ person (2023) +354%

Value 1.68 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +354.1%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 56.5 kt (2023) +2160%

Value 56.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2160.4%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 6.51 kg/ha (2023) +675%

Value 6.51 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +675.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 9.34 kg/ha (2023) +890%

Value 9.34 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +889.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 21.4 kt (2023) +403%

Value 21.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +403.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 3.55 kg/ha (2023) +120%

Value 3.55 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +120.3%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 11.2 g per $ (2023) +501%

Value 11.2 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +500.5%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 47.9 t (2020) +394%

Value 47.9 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +393.8%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 9.2 t (2024) +1604%

Value 9.2 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +1603.7%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 35.7 k$ (2024) +44475%

Value 35.7 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +44475.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 15.2 kt (2011) +2733%

Value 15.2 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +2733.3%

Export of ammonium nitrate 1.79 kt (2024) +274%

Value 1.79 kt (2024)

Change since 2014 +273.7%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 864 k$ (2024) +214%

Value 864 k$ (2024)

Change since 2014 +214.1%

Import of ammonium nitrate 70.8 kt (2024) +13875%

Value 70.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +13874.7%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 31.1 M$ (2024) +32149%

Value 31.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +32148.9%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 5.39 kt (2011) +26860%

Value 5.39 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +26860.0%

Export of ammonium sulphate 20.8 kt (2024) +1301656%

Value 20.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2012 +1301655.6%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 4.17 M$ (2024) +315%

Value 4.17 M$ (2024)

Change since 2012 +314.8%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 45.8 kt (2024) +44852%

Value 45.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +44852.1%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 10.5 M$ (2024) +122239%

Value 10.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +122238.7%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 2.41 kt (2011) -69%

Value 2.41 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 -68.7%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 300 t (2017) +525%

Value 300 t (2017)

Change since 2014 +525.0%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 125 k$ (2017) +257%

Value 125 k$ (2017)

Change since 2014 +256.9%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 474 t (2024) +1581200%

Value 474 t (2024)

Change since 2003 +1581200.0%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 139 k$ (2024) +2644%

Value 139 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 +2644.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 56.5 kt N (2023) +2160%

Value 56.5 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +2160.5%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.87 kt (2024) +14127%

Value 1.87 kt (2024)

Change since 2003 +14127.1%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.25 M$ (2024) +832%

Value 1.25 M$ (2024)

Change since 2003 +831.6%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 14.4 kt (2024) +2480%

Value 14.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2479.9%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 9.56 M$ (2024) +2837%

Value 9.56 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2837.1%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 5.22 kt (2011) -78%

Value 5.22 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 -77.8%

Export of NPK fertilizers 330 t (2024) +3138%

Value 330 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +3138.5%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 330 k$ (2024) +3138%

Value 330 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +3138.5%

Import of NPK fertilizers 1.03 kt (2024) -22%

Value 1.03 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -22.4%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 803 k$ (2024) +69%

Value 803 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +68.7%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 9.06 kt (2024) +41141%

Value 9.06 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +41141.4%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 3.56 M$ (2024) +63739%

Value 3.56 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +63738.8%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 43.1 kt (2024) +442%

Value 43.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +441.7%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 17.4 M$ (2024) +862%

Value 17.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +861.8%

Agriculture use of urea 45 kt (2011) +15%

Value 45 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +15.4%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 19 t (2011) -97%

Value 19 t (2011)

Change since 2003 -96.8%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 90 t (2014) —

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 73.2 k$ (2014) —

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 2.74 k$ (2024) -98%

Value 2.74 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -97.6%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 9.96 t (2024) -99%

Value 9.96 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.2%

Export of urea 37.5 kt (2024) +24995980%

Value 37.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2011 +24995980.0%

Export value of urea 16.3 M$ (2024) +20764%

Value 16.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2011 +20763.9%

Import of urea 159 kt (2024) +844%

Value 159 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +844.4%

Import value of urea 64.3 M$ (2024) +2753%

Value 64.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2752.8%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 23.4 kt (2023) +1053%

Value 23.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1052.5%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 30.2 kt (2023) +578%

Value 30.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +578.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 5 kg/ha (2023) +197%

Value 5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +197.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching 9,941 kg/ha and ton (2023) +801%

Value 9,941 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +801.4%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 1.64 kg/ha (2023) +295%

Value 1.64 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +294.8%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 3.87 kg/ha (2023) +405%

Value 3.87 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +404.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 133 kt (2023) +205%

Value 133 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +205.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 43.1 kt (2023) +109271%

Value 43.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +109271.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 22 kg/ha (2023) +34%

Value 22 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +33.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 7.12 kg/ha (2023) +47712%

Value 7.12 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +47712.1%

Nitrogen use efficiency 64.4 % (2014) -52%

Value 64.4 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -52.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 1.73 Mt CO₂e (2024) +164%

Value 1.73 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +163.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 7,900 Gt CO₂e (2023) +16%

Value 7,900 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +16.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 235 t CO₂e/person (2023) -55%

Value 235 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -54.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.18 t (2023) +440%

Value 0.18 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +439.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.427 t (2023) +497%

Value 0.427 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +496.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0034 t (2023) +70%

Value 0.0034 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +70.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0174 t (2023) +1640%

Value 0.0174 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1640.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.13 t (2023) +356%

Value 0.13 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +356.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0531 t (2023) -0%

Value 0.0531 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -0.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0326 t (2023) +141%

Value 0.0326 t (2023)

Change since 2016 +141.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0039 t (2023) +70%

Value 0.0039 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +69.6%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.188 t (2023) +532%

Value 0.188 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +531.5%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0014 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0014 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0141 t (2023) +513%

Value 0.0141 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +513.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0004 t (2023) +33%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +33.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0406 t (2023) +441%

Value 0.0406 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +441.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0962 t (2023) +498%

Value 0.0962 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +497.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0008 t (2023) +60%

Value 0.0008 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +60.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0039 t (2023) +1850%

Value 0.0039 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1850.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0291 t (2023) +355%

Value 0.0291 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +354.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0119 t (2023) -1%

Value 0.0119 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -0.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0073 t (2023) +143%

Value 0.0073 t (2023)

Change since 2016 +143.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0009 t (2023) +80%

Value 0.0009 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +80.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 221 t (2023) +440%

Value 221 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +440.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 524 t (2023) +497%

Value 524 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +497.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 4.2 t (2023) +68%

Value 4.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +68.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 21.3 t (2023) +1538%

Value 21.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1538.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 159 t (2023) +357%

Value 159 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +357.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 65 t (2023) -0%

Value 65 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -0.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 39.9 t (2023) +142%

Value 39.9 t (2023)

Change since 2016 +141.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 4.8 t (2023) +71%

Value 4.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +71.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 9.28 kt (2023) +215%

Value 9.28 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +215.4%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 11.5 kt (2023) +440%

Value 11.5 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +439.7%

N content from crop residues, for maize 27.2 kt (2023) +497%

Value 27.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +497.2%

N content from crop residues, for millet 218 t (2023) +68%

Value 218 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +68.2%

N content from crop residues, for oats 218 t (2023) +68%

Value 218 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +68.2%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 1.11 kt (2023) +1581%

Value 1.11 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1580.6%

N content from crop residues, for rice 8.24 kt (2023) +357%

Value 8.24 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +356.7%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 3.38 kt (2023) -0%

Value 3.38 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -0.3%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 2.07 kt (2023) +142%

Value 2.07 kt (2023)

Change since 2016 +142.0%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 249 t (2023) +69%

Value 249 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +69.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 1.53 kg/ha (2023) +38%

Value 1.53 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +38.1%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 4.32 Mt CO₂e (2024) +278%

Value 4.32 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +277.6%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 35.4 % change (2024) +689%

Value 35.4 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +689.4%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 12,715 Gt CO₂e (2024) +3104%

Value 12,715 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +3103.8%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.433 % (2024) +57%

Value 0.433 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +56.9%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year -0.036 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 199 kt CO₂e (2024) +14%

Value 199 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +14.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 51.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +280%

Value 51.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +280.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 15.7 kt CO₂e (2024) -56%

Value 15.7 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -56.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 1.98 Mt CO₂e (2024) +847%

Value 1.98 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +846.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 3.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +39%

Value 3.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +39.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 61.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +2269%

Value 61.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +2269.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 282 kt CO₂e (2024) +448%

Value 282 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +447.8%

Population (total) 35.6 M (2025) +431%

Value 35.6 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +430.7%

GDP (current US$) 22.3 B$ (2025) +479%

Value 22.3 B$ (2025)

Change since 1991 +479.5%

GDP per capita (current US$) 627 $ (2025) +117%

Value 627 $ (2025)

Change since 1991 +117.1%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.507 % of land area (2023) +94%

Value 0.507 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +94.4%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 10 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 25.6 % of GDP (2025) -25%

Value 25.6 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1991 -24.7%

Cropland area (hectares) 6,048,500 ha (2023) +128%

Value 6,048,500 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +128.3%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations