Malta

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year -22.3 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year -314 t (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 0 kg/ha (2023) -100%

Value 0 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N balance in agroecosystems 1.72 kt (2015) +14%

Value 1.72 kt (2015)

Change since 1990 +14.3%

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.28 kg/person (2023) +600%

Value 0.28 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +600.0%

Nitrogen applied from organic fertilizers (excluding livestock manure) 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2000 —

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 636 t (2014) +17%

Value 636 t (2014)

Change since 1990 +17.1%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 1.02 kt (2014) +46%

Value 1.02 kt (2014)

Change since 1990 +46.2%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 490 t (2014) -23%

Value 490 t (2014)

Change since 1990 -22.9%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2013 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 112 kg/ha (2023) +345%

Value 112 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +345.0%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 0 t (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 0 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 70.7 kg/ha (2023) +216%

Value 70.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +215.8%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

N fertilizer imports 970 t (2023) +141%

Value 970 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +140.7%

N fertilizer exports 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 1.1 kg/ person (2023) -10%

Value 1.1 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 -9.8%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 586 t (2023) +45%

Value 586 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +45.4%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 70.7 kg/ha (2023) +216%

Value 70.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +215.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 70.7 kg/ha (2023) +216%

Value 70.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +215.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 857 t (2023) +17%

Value 857 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +17.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 103 kg/ha (2023) +154%

Value 103 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +154.1%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 8.14 g per $ (2023) +26%

Value 8.14 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +26.4%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 0.586 t (2020) -22%

Value 0.586 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -22.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 0.06 t (2002) —

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 280 $ (2002) —

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 4.69 t (2024) -70%

Value 4.69 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -70.4%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 45.4 k$ (2024) +150%

Value 45.4 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +149.7%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 182 t (2011) -34%

Value 182 t (2011)

Change since 2002 -33.6%

Export of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2007) -100%

Value 0 t (2007)

Change since 2004 -100.0%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 200 $ (2007) -97%

Value 200 $ (2007)

Change since 2004 -96.8%

Import of ammonium nitrate 14.9 t (2024) -95%

Value 14.9 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -94.6%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 24.3 k$ (2024) -67%

Value 24.3 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -67.0%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 231 t (2011) -85%

Value 231 t (2011)

Change since 2002 -84.9%

Export of ammonium sulphate single year 4 t (2009) —

Export value of ammonium sulphate single year 274 k$ (2009) —

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 188 t (2024) -88%

Value 188 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -87.7%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 55.4 k$ (2024) -67%

Value 55.4 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -66.8%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 109 t (2011) -16%

Value 109 t (2011)

Change since 2002 -16.2%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 30.4 t (2024) -77%

Value 30.4 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -76.7%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 12.6 k$ (2024) -52%

Value 12.6 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -52.5%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 586 t N (2023) +45%

Value 586 t N (2023)

Change since 1961 +45.4%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 0.6 t (2023) +567%

Value 0.6 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +566.7%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 50 $ (2023) -98%

Value 50 $ (2023)

Change since 2002 -98.3%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 227 t (2024) +163%

Value 227 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +163.4%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 435 k$ (2024) +256%

Value 435 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +256.3%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 428 t (2011) -55%

Value 428 t (2011)

Change since 2002 -54.9%

Export of NPK fertilizers 3.75 t (2021) +150%

Value 3.75 t (2021)

Change since 2005 +150.0%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 3.75 k$ (2021) +150%

Value 3.75 k$ (2021)

Change since 2005 +150.0%

Import of NPK fertilizers 356 t (2024) -61%

Value 356 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -61.2%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 485 k$ (2024) +40%

Value 485 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +39.6%

Production of NPK fertilizers 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0.03 t (2020) -79%

Value 0.03 t (2020)

Change since 2004 -78.6%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 2.65 k$ (2020) +400%

Value 2.65 k$ (2020)

Change since 2004 +400.0%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 50.1 t (2024) -94%

Value 50.1 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -93.6%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 57.4 k$ (2024) -65%

Value 57.4 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -65.0%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Agriculture use of urea 313 t (2011) +10333%

Value 313 t (2011)

Change since 2003 +10333.3%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 5 t (2010) +150%

Value 5 t (2010)

Change since 2002 +150.0%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 250 $ (2024) +257%

Value 250 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 +257.1%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0.88 t (2024) -59%

Value 0.88 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -58.9%

Import of urea 2.33 kt (2024) +73106%

Value 2.33 kt (2024)

Change since 2003 +73106.3%

Import value of urea 928 k$ (2024) +13135%

Value 928 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 +13135.1%

Production of urea 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 433 t (2023) +27%

Value 433 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +27.1%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 60.5 t (2023) -54%

Value 60.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -53.6%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 7.29 kg/ha (2023) +1%

Value 7.29 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.8%

N lost from croplands through leaching 230 kg/ha and ton (2023) +23%

Value 230 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +23.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 27.7 kg/ha (2023) +167%

Value 27.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +167.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 52.2 kg/ha (2023) +176%

Value 52.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +176.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 162 t (2023) -61%

Value 162 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -60.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 14.5 t (2023) -83%

Value 14.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -83.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 19.6 kg/ha (2023) -15%

Value 19.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -15.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 1.75 kg/ha (2023) -63%

Value 1.75 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -63.2%

Nitrogen use efficiency 12.9 % (2014) -59%

Value 12.9 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -58.8%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 59.8 mg/L (2003) +0%

Value 59.8 mg/L (2003)

Change since 2001 +0.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 15.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +12%

Value 15.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +12.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 44 kt CO₂e (2021) +193%

Value 44 kt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +193.3%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 1.29 kt (2021) -41%

Value 1.29 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -41.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 20 Gt CO₂e (2023) -33%

Value 20 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -33.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 37.5 t CO₂e/person (2023) -54%

Value 37.5 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -54.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0004 t (2017) +0%

Value 0.0004 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0 t (2017) -100%

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0002 t (2023) -87%

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -86.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0024 t (2017) +300%

Value 0.0024 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +300.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0001 t (2017) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0 t (2017) —

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0001 t (2023) -67%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0005 t (2017) +400%

Value 0.0005 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +400.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.5 t (2017) +0%

Value 0.5 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0 t (2017) -100%

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 0.3 t (2023) -83%

Value 0.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -83.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 3 t (2017) +275%

Value 3 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +275.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N content from crop residues, for barley 25.9 t (2017) -8%

Value 25.9 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -8.3%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 2.58 t (2017) -62%

Value 2.58 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -61.8%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 14.5 t (2023) -85%

Value 14.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -84.9%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 155 t (2017) +275%

Value 155 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +275.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0 kg/ha (2023) -100%

Value 0 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 40.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +46%

Value 40.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +46.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -25.5 % change (2024) -6900%

Value -25.5 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -6900.0%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 1.42 kt (2021) -35%

Value 1.42 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -35.4%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 54.2 Mt CO₂e (2023) -9%

Value 54.2 Mt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -9.0%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 4.3 t (2023) -40%

Value 4.3 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -39.8%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 1.65 t (2023) -22%

Value 1.65 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -22.2%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 43.9 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1328%

Value 43.9 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1328.1%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.0015 % (2024) -30%

Value 0.0015 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -30.1%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.632 mg/L (2013) +69%

Value 0.632 mg/L (2013)

Change since 2004 +68.7%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 3.5 kt CO₂e (2024) +1650%

Value 3.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1650.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 100 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 100 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 7.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +11%

Value 7.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +10.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 400 t CO₂e (2024) +0%

Value 400 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +0.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 6.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +371%

Value 6.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +371.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 7.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +35%

Value 7.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +35.2%

Population (total) 580 k (2025) +78%

Value 580 k (2025)

Change since 1960 +77.5%

GDP (current US$) 27.8 B$ (2025) +10976%

Value 27.8 B$ (2025)

Change since 1970 +10976.4%

GDP per capita (current US$) 47.9 k$ (2025) +5683%

Value 47.9 k$ (2025)

Change since 1970 +5682.8%

Cropland area (% of land area) 3.25 % of land area (2023) +4%

Value 3.25 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +3.9%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 12 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 0.469 % of GDP (2025) -93%

Value 0.469 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1970 -92.6%

Cropland area (hectares) 8,291 ha (2023) -54%

Value 8,291 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -53.9%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations