Malaysia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year -12.9 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year -73.9 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year -0.098 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 18 kt (2023) +37%

Value 18 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +36.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 2.18 kg/ha (2023) -52%

Value 2.18 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -52.5%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year -2.5 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 49.8 kg/person (2023) +3702%

Value 49.8 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +3702.3%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 748 t (2020) +27%

Value 748 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +27.5%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 2,926 kg/ha (2023) +2864%

Value 2,926 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +2863.6%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 499 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 86.9 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 48.3 kg/ha (2023) +428%

Value 48.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +428.3%

Total N fertilizer production 895 kt (2023) +5495%

Value 895 kt (2023)

Change since 1967 +5495.0%

N fertilizer imports 426 kt (2023) +1524%

Value 426 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1524.5%

N fertilizer exports 923 kt (2023) +65800%

Value 923 kt (2023)

Change since 1970 +65799.9%

N fertilizer use per capita 11.3 kg/ person (2023) +253%

Value 11.3 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +253.0%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 398 kt (2023) +1420%

Value 398 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1419.9%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 50.2 kg/ha (2023) +450%

Value 50.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +449.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 49.2 kg/ha (2023) +443%

Value 49.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +443.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 90.8 kt (2023) +411%

Value 90.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +410.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 11 kg/ha (2023) +77%

Value 11 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +77.4%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 22.7 g per $ (2023) +111%

Value 22.7 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +110.6%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 387 t (2020) +11%

Value 387 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +11.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Agricultural use of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 0 t (2021) —

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 457 kt (2024) +80%

Value 457 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +79.9%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 164 M$ (2024) +320%

Value 164 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +319.9%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 4.53 kt (2024) -80%

Value 4.53 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -80.2%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 4.09 M$ (2024) +57%

Value 4.09 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +57.2%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 0 t (2021) -100%

Value 0 t (2021)

Change since 2017 -100.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate single year 0 t (2021) —

Export of ammonium nitrate 8.29 kt (2024) +367%

Value 8.29 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +366.6%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 5.58 M$ (2024) +600%

Value 5.58 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +599.9%

Import of ammonium nitrate 56.2 kt (2024) -70%

Value 56.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -70.1%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 29.4 M$ (2024) +55%

Value 29.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +55.4%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2022) —

Value 0 t (2022)

Change since 2017 —

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate single year 0 t (2021) —

Export of ammonium sulphate 5.63 kt (2024) -78%

Value 5.63 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -78.3%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 1.58 M$ (2024) -51%

Value 1.58 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -51.3%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 880 kt (2024) +34%

Value 880 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +33.6%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 133 M$ (2024) +275%

Value 133 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +275.1%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2022) —

Value 0 t (2022)

Change since 2017 —

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 0 t (2021) —

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0.55 t (2024) -94%

Value 0.55 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -94.5%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 570 $ (2024) -70%

Value 570 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 -70.2%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 1.06 kt (2024) -67%

Value 1.06 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -67.2%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 628 k$ (2024) +114%

Value 628 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +114.4%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2022) —

Value 0 t (2022)

Change since 2017 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 406 kt N (2023) +1464%

Value 406 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +1464.0%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 56.1 kt (2024) +981%

Value 56.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +980.7%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 21.9 M$ (2024) +1508%

Value 21.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1507.8%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 47.7 kt (2024) +0%

Value 47.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +0.2%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 25 M$ (2024) +462%

Value 25 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +462.4%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers single year 0 t (2021) —

Export of NPK fertilizers 88.1 kt (2024) -12%

Value 88.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -11.6%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 88.1 M$ (2024) -12%

Value 88.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -11.6%

Import of NPK fertilizers 166 kt (2024) -43%

Value 166 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -42.6%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 106 M$ (2024) +162%

Value 106 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +161.9%

Production of NPK fertilizers 0 t (2021) -100%

Value 0 t (2021)

Change since 2017 -100.0%

Agricultural use of other nitrogenous fertilizers single year 0 t (2021) —

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 8.03 kt (2024) -44%

Value 8.03 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -43.5%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 4.62 M$ (2024) +131%

Value 4.62 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +131.2%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 775 kt (2024) +652%

Value 775 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +652.5%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 125 M$ (2024) +966%

Value 125 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +965.6%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0 t (2022) —

Value 0 t (2022)

Change since 2017 —

Agriculture use of urea single year 1.93 Mt (2021) —

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 0 t (2021) —

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0.2 t (2024) -100%

Value 0.2 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.8%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 380 $ (2024) -98%

Value 380 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 -97.5%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 96.9 k$ (2024) -83%

Value 96.9 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -83.3%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2022) —

Value 0 t (2022)

Change since 2017 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 38.5 t (2024) -78%

Value 38.5 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -77.9%

Export of urea 2.03 Mt (2024) +140%

Value 2.03 Mt (2024)

Change since 2002 +140.2%

Export value of urea 682 M$ (2024) +490%

Value 682 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +490.0%

Import of urea 157 kt (2024) +48%

Value 157 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +47.9%

Import value of urea 63 M$ (2024) +358%

Value 63 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +358.1%

Production of urea 7.58 Mt (2022) +529%

Value 7.58 Mt (2022)

Change since 2002 +529.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 147 kt (2023) +1012%

Value 147 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1011.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 40.6 kt (2023) +845%

Value 40.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +845.5%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 4.92 kg/ha (2023) +229%

Value 4.92 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +228.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching 57,978 kg/ha and ton (2023) +839%

Value 57,978 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +838.7%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 7.03 kg/ha (2023) +226%

Value 7.03 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +226.2%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 17.8 kg/ha (2023) +286%

Value 17.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +286.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 430 kt (2023) +892%

Value 430 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +892.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 14.2 kt (2023) +1270%

Value 14.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1269.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 52.2 kg/ha (2023) +245%

Value 52.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +244.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 1.72 kg/ha (2023) +376%

Value 1.72 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +375.9%

Nitrogen use efficiency 262 % (2014) +512%

Value 262 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +512.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 4.07 Mt CO₂e (2024) +105%

Value 4.07 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +104.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 5,360 Gt CO₂e (2023) +60%

Value 5,360 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +59.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 153 t CO₂e/person (2023) -19%

Value 153 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -19.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0001 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -92.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.448 t (2023) +56%

Value 0.448 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +55.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0 t (1990) —

Value 0 t (1990)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0001 t (2023) —

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0237 t (2023) +19%

Value 0.0237 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +19.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.101 t (2023) +56%

Value 0.101 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +56.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0 t (1990) —

Value 0 t (1990)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.1 t (2023) -94%

Value 0.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -94.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 549 t (2023) +56%

Value 549 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +55.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0 t (1990) —

Value 0 t (1990)

Change since 1961 —

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 2.89 kt (2023) +425%

Value 2.89 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +425.0%

N content from crop residues, for maize 5.21 t (2023) -94%

Value 5.21 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -94.1%

N content from crop residues, for rice 28.5 kt (2023) +56%

Value 28.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +55.9%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0883 t (1990) -88%

Value 0.0883 t (1990)

Change since 1961 -87.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.351 kg/ha (2023) +82%

Value 0.351 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +82.5%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 7.45 Mt CO₂e (2024) +199%

Value 7.45 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +198.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 89 % change (2024) +8124%

Value 89 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +8124.5%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 5.91 Gt CO₂e (2021) +41%

Value 5.91 Gt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +40.8%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 8,866 Gt CO₂e (2024) +7385%

Value 8,866 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +7384.9%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.302 % (2024) +266%

Value 0.302 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +266.5%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year -0.098 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 151 kt CO₂e (2024) +460%

Value 151 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +460.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 23.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +152%

Value 23.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +151.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 36.3 kt CO₂e (2024) -48%

Value 36.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -47.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 1.64 Mt CO₂e (2024) +558%

Value 1.64 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +557.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 411 kt CO₂e (2024) +17042%

Value 411 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +17041.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 565 kt CO₂e (2024) +1079%

Value 565 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1079.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 546 kt CO₂e (2024) +451%

Value 546 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +450.9%

Population (total) 36 M (2025) +352%

Value 36 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +352.2%

GDP (current US$) 472 B$ (2025) +24542%

Value 472 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +24541.8%

GDP per capita (current US$) 13.1 k$ (2025) +5349%

Value 13.1 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +5349.3%

Cropland area (% of land area) 22.7 % of land area (2023) +254%

Value 22.7 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +253.6%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 20 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 8.22 % of GDP (2025) -81%

Value 8.22 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1960 -81.2%

Cropland area (hectares) 8,244,300 ha (2023) +188%

Value 8,244,300 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +187.8%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations