Libya

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 37.5 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 24.9 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.033 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 1.51 kt (2023) +33%

Value 1.51 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +33.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 0.736 kg/ha (2023) +28%

Value 0.736 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +28.0%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.31 kg/person (2023) +19%

Value 0.31 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +19.2%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 121 t (2020) -70%

Value 121 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -70.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 22 kg/ha (2023) +752%

Value 22 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +751.6%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 33.8 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 50.9 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 6.68 kg/ha (2023) +426%

Value 6.68 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +426.0%

Total N fertilizer production 15 kt (2023) -86%

Value 15 kt (2023)

Change since 1982 -85.9%

N fertilizer imports 13.9 kt (2023) +458%

Value 13.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +457.7%

N fertilizer exports 70.8 kt (2023) -40%

Value 70.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1982 -39.8%

N fertilizer use per capita 1.88 kg/ person (2023) +17%

Value 1.88 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +16.8%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 13.7 kt (2023) +448%

Value 13.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +448.0%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 6.68 kg/ha (2023) +426%

Value 6.68 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +426.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 9.07 kg/ha (2023) +817%

Value 9.07 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +816.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 6.3 kt (2023) +457%

Value 6.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +457.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 3.07 kg/ha (2023) +436%

Value 3.07 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +435.7%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 7.27 g per $ (2023) -24%

Value 7.27 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 -24.2%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 15.1 t (2020) -52%

Value 15.1 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -52.4%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 426 kt (2024) +96%

Value 426 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +95.8%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 201 M$ (2024) +599%

Value 201 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +599.2%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 54.2 t (2024) +432%

Value 54.2 t (2024)

Change since 2003 +431.7%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 222 k$ (2024) +826%

Value 222 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 +826.1%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 250 kt (2016) -41%

Value 250 kt (2016)

Change since 2013 -41.2%

Export of ammonium nitrate 100 t (2008) +41567%

Value 100 t (2008)

Change since 2005 +41566.7%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 28.1 k$ (2008) -35%

Value 28.1 k$ (2008)

Change since 2005 -35.2%

Import of ammonium nitrate 261 t (2024) +319%

Value 261 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +319.4%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 121 k$ (2024) +1640%

Value 121 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1640.3%

Export of ammonium sulphate 2 kt (2022) +471%

Value 2 kt (2022)

Change since 2007 +471.4%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 1.73 M$ (2022) +4015%

Value 1.73 M$ (2022)

Change since 2007 +4014.8%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 215 t (2024) +2954%

Value 215 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +2954.0%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 67.2 k$ (2024) +3530%

Value 67.2 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +3529.7%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 47.5 t (2020) -98%

Value 47.5 t (2020)

Change since 2015 -97.7%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 14.2 k$ (2020) -98%

Value 14.2 k$ (2020)

Change since 2015 -97.6%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 6.96 t (2021) -100%

Value 6.96 t (2021)

Change since 2007 -99.7%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 1.9 k$ (2021) -99%

Value 1.9 k$ (2021)

Change since 2007 -99.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 18.6 kt N (2023) +854%

Value 18.6 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +853.8%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 0 t (2021) -100%

Value 0 t (2021)

Change since 2004 -100.0%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 10 $ (2021) -100%

Value 10 $ (2021)

Change since 2004 -99.9%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 4.91 kt (2024) +2130%

Value 4.91 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2130.2%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 7.77 M$ (2024) +4221%

Value 7.77 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +4220.8%

Export of NPK fertilizers 10.9 t (2020) -98%

Value 10.9 t (2020)

Change since 2005 -97.8%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 10.9 k$ (2020) -98%

Value 10.9 k$ (2020)

Change since 2005 -97.8%

Import of NPK fertilizers 5.48 kt (2024) -83%

Value 5.48 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -83.0%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 7.01 M$ (2024) +16%

Value 7.01 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +15.7%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 50 t (2023) -96%

Value 50 t (2023)

Change since 2005 -95.8%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 15.7 k$ (2023) -91%

Value 15.7 k$ (2023)

Change since 2005 -90.7%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 4.59 kt (2024) +4076%

Value 4.59 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +4076.3%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 2.94 M$ (2024) +732%

Value 2.94 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +731.5%

Agriculture use of urea 20 kt (2016) -84%

Value 20 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 -84.3%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 206 t (2023) +28%

Value 206 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +27.9%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 103 k$ (2023) +128%

Value 103 k$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +127.7%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 33.4 k$ (2024) +663%

Value 33.4 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +663.2%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 28 t (2024) +93133%

Value 28 t (2024)

Change since 2004 +93133.3%

Export of urea 760 t (2024) -100%

Value 760 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.9%

Export value of urea 305 k$ (2024) -100%

Value 305 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.7%

Import of urea 15.8 kt (2024) +12009%

Value 15.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +12009.2%

Import value of urea 6.97 M$ (2024) +46461%

Value 6.97 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +46461.2%

Production of urea 602 kt (2008) -29%

Value 602 kt (2008)

Change since 2002 -28.8%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 6 kt (2023) +451%

Value 6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +450.9%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 8.52 kt (2023) +260%

Value 8.52 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +260.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 4.16 kg/ha (2023) +246%

Value 4.16 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +246.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching 2,629 kg/ha and ton (2023) +452%

Value 2,629 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +452.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 1.28 kg/ha (2023) +431%

Value 1.28 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +430.9%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 2.93 kg/ha (2023) +429%

Value 2.93 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +429.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 12.2 kt (2023) +281%

Value 12.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +280.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 4.28 kt (2023) +103%

Value 4.28 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +103.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 5.97 kg/ha (2023) +266%

Value 5.97 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +265.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 2.09 kg/ha (2023) +95%

Value 2.09 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +95.1%

Nitrogen use efficiency 27.1 % (2014) -34%

Value 27.1 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -33.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 748 kt CO₂e (2024) +148%

Value 748 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +148.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 1,180 Gt CO₂e (2023) +28%

Value 1,180 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +28.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 162 t CO₂e/person (2023) -22%

Value 162 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -22.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0227 t (2023) -49%

Value 0.0227 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1966 +0.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0006 t (2023) +100%

Value 0.0006 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0011 t (2023) +450%

Value 0.0011 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +450.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0121 t (2023) +908%

Value 0.0121 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +908.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0344 t (2023) +187%

Value 0.0344 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +186.7%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0048 t (2023) +60%

Value 0.0048 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +60.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0051 t (2023) -50%

Value 0.0051 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1966 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0002 t (2023) —

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0027 t (2023) +800%

Value 0.0027 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +800.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0077 t (2023) +185%

Value 0.0077 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +185.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 27.8 t (2023) -49%

Value 27.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.2 t (2023) +100%

Value 0.2 t (2023)

Change since 1966 +100.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.7 t (2023) +75%

Value 0.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +75.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 1.3 t (2023) +550%

Value 1.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +550.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 14.8 t (2023) +887%

Value 14.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +886.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 42.1 t (2023) +188%

Value 42.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +188.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 1.22 kt (2023) -26%

Value 1.22 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -25.8%

N content from crop residues, for barley 1.45 kt (2023) -49%

Value 1.45 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.1%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 8.94 t (2023) +153%

Value 8.94 t (2023)

Change since 1966 +152.9%

N content from crop residues, for maize 37 t (2023) +81%

Value 37 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +81.3%

N content from crop residues, for millet 70.1 t (2023) +449%

Value 70.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +449.2%

N content from crop residues, for oats 70.1 t (2023) +449%

Value 70.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +449.2%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 770 t (2023) +889%

Value 770 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +888.6%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 2.19 kt (2023) +187%

Value 2.19 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +187.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.596 kg/ha (2023) -29%

Value 0.596 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -28.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.47 Mt CO₂e (2024) +190%

Value 1.47 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +190.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 47.2 % change (2024) +3523%

Value 47.2 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +3523.2%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 1,880 Gt CO₂e (2024) +4347%

Value 1,880 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +4347.1%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.064 % (2024) +118%

Value 0.064 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +117.7%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.033 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 10.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +1%

Value 10.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 53.4 kt CO₂e (2024) -59%

Value 53.4 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -59.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 3.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +1000%

Value 3.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1000.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 336 kt CO₂e (2024) +657%

Value 336 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +656.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 20.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +2512%

Value 20.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +2512.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 183 kt CO₂e (2024) +3802%

Value 183 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +3802.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 118 kt CO₂e (2024) +654%

Value 118 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +654.5%

Population (total) 7.46 M (2025) +400%

Value 7.46 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +399.6%

GDP (current US$) 48.1 B$ (2025) +11876%

Value 48.1 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +11875.5%

GDP per capita (current US$) 6.45 k$ (2025) +2297%

Value 6.45 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +2297.0%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.188 % of land area (2023) +22%

Value 0.188 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +22.2%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 1 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 1.5 % of GDP (2025) -71%

Value 1.5 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 2002 -71.1%

Cropland area (hectares) 2,050,000 ha (2023) +4%

Value 2,050,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +4.1%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations