Kazakhstan

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year -10.1 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year -159 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year -0.211 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 62.8 kt (2023) +338%

Value 62.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +337.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 2.11 kg/ha (2023) +417%

Value 2.11 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +417.1%

N balance in agroecosystems -2.97 Mt (2020) —

Value -2.97 Mt (2020)

Change since 1985 —

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year -138 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.15 kg/person (2023) -74%

Value 0.15 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1992 -74.1%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 142 kt (2020) -40%

Value 142 kt (2020)

Change since 1990 -40.1%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 326 kt (2020) -18%

Value 326 kt (2020)

Change since 1992 -18.2%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 10.5 kt (2020) —

Value 10.5 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 —

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 156 t (2020) +5661%

Value 156 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +5661.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 399 t (2023) —

Value 399 t (2023)

Change since 2004 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 3.88 kg/ha (2023) -71%

Value 3.88 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -71.4%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 65.6 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 4.07 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 2.36 kg/ha (2023) -45%

Value 2.36 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -44.6%

Total N fertilizer production 132 kt (2023) +114%

Value 132 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +114.2%

N fertilizer imports 159 kt (2023) +53%

Value 159 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +52.8%

N fertilizer exports 132 kt (2023) +436%

Value 132 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +435.5%

N fertilizer use per capita 3.46 kg/ person (2023) -60%

Value 3.46 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1992 -60.0%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 70.4 kt (2023) -53%

Value 70.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -53.1%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 2.3 kg/ha (2023) -46%

Value 2.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -46.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 2.36 kg/ha (2023) -45%

Value 2.36 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -44.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 159 kt (2023) -39%

Value 159 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -38.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 5.34 kg/ha (2023) -28%

Value 5.34 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.7%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 4.78 g per $ (2023) -9%

Value 4.78 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1994 -9.5%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 74.4 t (2020) +148%

Value 74.4 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +148.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 34.9 t (2024) -82%

Value 34.9 t (2024)

Change since 2004 -81.8%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 21.6 k$ (2024) +25%

Value 21.6 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +25.0%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 71.1 kt (2024) +184%

Value 71.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +183.7%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 22.6 M$ (2024) +810%

Value 22.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +809.5%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 190 kt (2020) +73%

Value 190 kt (2020)

Change since 2013 +72.5%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 231 kt (2006) +18%

Value 231 kt (2006)

Change since 2005 +18.2%

Export of ammonium nitrate 208 kt (2024) +6086%

Value 208 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +6086.1%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 50 M$ (2024) +19143%

Value 50 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +19143.2%

Import of ammonium nitrate 361 kt (2024) +112%

Value 361 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +111.6%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 82.9 M$ (2024) +625%

Value 82.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +624.8%

Production of ammonium nitrate 329 kt (2020) +777%

Value 329 kt (2020)

Change since 2006 +777.4%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 21.8 kt (2006) -27%

Value 21.8 kt (2006)

Change since 2005 -26.5%

Export of ammonium sulphate 90.8 t (2024) -93%

Value 90.8 t (2024)

Change since 2003 -93.2%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 13.6 k$ (2024) -85%

Value 13.6 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 -84.8%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 39.7 kt (2024) +383%

Value 39.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +382.5%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 7.1 M$ (2024) +5123%

Value 7.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +5122.9%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 7.61 kt (2020) +22%

Value 7.61 kt (2020)

Change since 2005 +22.1%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 1.59 kt (2006) -67%

Value 1.59 kt (2006)

Change since 2005 -67.0%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 1.5 t (2021) -100%

Value 1.5 t (2021)

Change since 2015 -99.9%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 380 $ (2021) -100%

Value 380 $ (2021)

Change since 2015 -99.9%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 2.32 t (2024) -100%

Value 2.32 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.9%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 10.7 k$ (2024) -96%

Value 10.7 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -96.2%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 862 t (2016) —

Value 862 t (2016)

Change since 2013 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 70.4 kt N (2023) -53%

Value 70.4 kt N (2023)

Change since 1992 -53.1%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 544 t (2024) +5438800%

Value 544 t (2024)

Change since 2004 +5438800.0%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.83 M$ (2024) +3662760%

Value 1.83 M$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +3662760.0%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 11.7 kt (2024) +5514%

Value 11.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +5514.3%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 11.1 M$ (2024) +9885%

Value 11.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +9885.0%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.15 kt (2020) +30600%

Value 2.15 kt (2020)

Change since 2013 +30600.0%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 3.98 kt (2007) +248%

Value 3.98 kt (2007)

Change since 2005 +248.5%

Export of NPK fertilizers 13.4 kt (2024) +4446%

Value 13.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2011 +4446.0%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 13.4 M$ (2024) +4446%

Value 13.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2011 +4446.0%

Import of NPK fertilizers 27.7 kt (2024) +10754%

Value 27.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +10753.9%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 13.8 M$ (2024) +22806%

Value 13.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +22806.0%

Production of NPK fertilizers 614 t (2018) -6%

Value 614 t (2018)

Change since 2014 -6.1%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 551 t (2024) +550910%

Value 551 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +550910.0%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 430 k$ (2024) +429520%

Value 430 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +429520.0%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 5.65 kt (2024) +308%

Value 5.65 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +307.6%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 5.39 M$ (2024) +2926%

Value 5.39 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2926.0%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 49.8 kt (2020) +303%

Value 49.8 kt (2020)

Change since 2013 +302.6%

Agriculture use of urea 1.8 kt (2006) -47%

Value 1.8 kt (2006)

Change since 2005 -47.4%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 52.5 t (2023) +776%

Value 52.5 t (2023)

Change since 2016 +775.7%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 34.3 k$ (2023) +853%

Value 34.3 k$ (2023)

Change since 2016 +853.1%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 537 k$ (2024) +53576%

Value 537 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +53576.0%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2016) —

Value 0 t (2016)

Change since 2013 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 2.88 kt (2024) +14277%

Value 2.88 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +14277.0%

Export of urea 5.93 kt (2024) +113906%

Value 5.93 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +113905.6%

Export value of urea 1.52 M$ (2024) +151928%

Value 1.52 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +151928.0%

Import of urea 61.3 kt (2024) +6856%

Value 61.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +6855.6%

Import value of urea 17.4 M$ (2024) +13825%

Value 17.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +13825.5%

Production of urea single year 2 t (2005) —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 68.8 kt (2023) -44%

Value 68.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -44.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 84 kt (2023) -52%

Value 84 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -52.5%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 2.82 kg/ha (2023) -44%

Value 2.82 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -43.9%

N lost from croplands through leaching 38,848 kg/ha and ton (2023) -42%

Value 38,848 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1992 -42.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 1.3 kg/ha (2023) -31%

Value 1.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -31.5%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 2.31 kg/ha (2023) -34%

Value 2.31 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -33.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 469 kt (2023) -25%

Value 469 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -24.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 222 kt (2023) -19%

Value 222 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -18.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 15.7 kg/ha (2023) -11%

Value 15.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -11.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 7.46 kg/ha (2023) -4%

Value 7.46 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -3.8%

Nitrogen use efficiency 176 % (2014) +27%

Value 176 % (2014)

Change since 1992 +27.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 7.76 Mt CO₂e (2024) -10%

Value 7.76 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -10.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 11.6 Mt CO₂e (2021) -97%

Value 11.6 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 -96.6%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 288 kt (2021) -22%

Value 288 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -21.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 7,580 Gt CO₂e (2023) -46%

Value 7,580 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -46.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 373 t CO₂e/person (2023) -55%

Value 373 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -54.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.644 t (2023) -66%

Value 0.644 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -66.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0731 t (2023) +2337%

Value 0.0731 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +2336.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.152 t (2023) +198%

Value 0.152 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +198.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0067 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0067 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -92.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0417 t (2023) -72%

Value 0.0417 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -71.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.064 t (2023) -47%

Value 0.064 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -47.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0891 t (2023) -3%

Value 0.0891 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -3.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0045 t (2023) -97%

Value 0.0045 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -96.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0038 t (2023) +1800%

Value 0.0038 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +1800.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0463 t (2023) +1262%

Value 0.0463 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +1261.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 3.03 t (2023) -28%

Value 3.03 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0133 t (2023) +62%

Value 0.0133 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +62.2%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0039 t (2023) -13%

Value 0.0039 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -13.3%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.368 t (2023) -4%

Value 0.368 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -4.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.145 t (2023) -66%

Value 0.145 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -66.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0164 t (2023) +2243%

Value 0.0164 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +2242.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0342 t (2023) +200%

Value 0.0342 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +200.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0015 t (2023) -93%

Value 0.0015 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -92.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0094 t (2023) -72%

Value 0.0094 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -71.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0144 t (2023) -47%

Value 0.0144 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -47.4%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.02 t (2023) -3%

Value 0.02 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -3.4%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.001 t (2023) -97%

Value 0.001 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -96.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0009 t (2023) +800%

Value 0.0009 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +800.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0104 t (2023) +1200%

Value 0.0104 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +1200.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.681 t (2023) -28%

Value 0.681 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 789 t (2023) -66%

Value 789 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -66.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 89.5 t (2023) +2386%

Value 89.5 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +2386.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 186 t (2023) +199%

Value 186 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +198.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 8.3 t (2023) -93%

Value 8.3 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -92.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 51.1 t (2023) -72%

Value 51.1 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -71.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 78.5 t (2023) -47%

Value 78.5 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -47.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 109 t (2023) -3%

Value 109 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -3.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 5.6 t (2023) -97%

Value 5.6 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -96.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 4.7 t (2023) +1467%

Value 4.7 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +1466.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 56.7 t (2023) +1250%

Value 56.7 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +1250.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 3.71 kt (2023) -28%

Value 3.71 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 46.9 kt (2023) -35%

Value 46.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -34.7%

N content from crop residues, for barley 41 kt (2023) -66%

Value 41 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -66.1%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 4.65 kt (2023) +2368%

Value 4.65 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +2367.8%

N content from crop residues, for maize 9.66 kt (2023) +198%

Value 9.66 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +198.5%

N content from crop residues, for millet 429 t (2023) -93%

Value 429 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -92.6%

N content from crop residues, for oats 429 t (2023) -93%

Value 429 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -92.6%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 4.08 kt (2023) -47%

Value 4.08 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -47.4%

N content from crop residues, for rice 5.67 kt (2023) -3%

Value 5.67 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -3.1%

N content from crop residues, for rye 289 t (2023) -97%

Value 289 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -96.6%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 243 t (2023) +1443%

Value 243 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +1443.4%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 2.95 kt (2023) +1243%

Value 2.95 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +1242.7%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 193 kt (2023) -28%

Value 193 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 1.57 kg/ha (2023) -23%

Value 1.57 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -22.9%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 10.5 Mt CO₂e (2024) -5%

Value 10.5 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -4.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -24.8 % change (2024) -515%

Value -24.8 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -515.0%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 297 kt (2021) -23%

Value 297 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -22.9%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 14.9 Gt CO₂e (2023) -10%

Value 14.9 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -9.5%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 520 t (2023) -31%

Value 520 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -31.4%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 422 t (2023) +11%

Value 422 t (2023)

Change since 1990 +10.6%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 11,967 Gt CO₂e (2024) +564%

Value 11,967 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +564.0%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.408 % (2024) -67%

Value 0.408 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -67.5%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year -0.211 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 233 kt CO₂e (2024) -20%

Value 233 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -20.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 28.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +723%

Value 28.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +722.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 73.2 kt CO₂e (2024) -75%

Value 73.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -75.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 913 kt CO₂e (2024) -17%

Value 913 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -16.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 416 kt CO₂e (2024) +63%

Value 416 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +62.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 660 kt CO₂e (2024) +199%

Value 660 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +199.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 379 kt CO₂e (2024) +92%

Value 379 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +92.0%

Population (total) 20.8 M (2025) +121%

Value 20.8 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +121.0%

GDP (current US$) 306 B$ (2025) +1037%

Value 306 B$ (2025)

Change since 1990 +1037.1%

GDP per capita (current US$) 14.7 k$ (2025) +836%

Value 14.7 k$ (2025)

Change since 1990 +835.8%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.0489 % of land area (2023) -10%

Value 0.0489 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1992 -9.6%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 30 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 3.74 % of GDP (2025) -84%

Value 3.74 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1992 -84.0%

Cropland area (hectares) 29,801,700 ha (2023) -15%

Value 29,801,700 ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -15.3%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations