Italy

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 67.8 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 630 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.838 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 63.9 kt (2023) -3%

Value 63.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -2.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 6.74 kg/ha (2023) +60%

Value 6.74 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +60.1%

N balance in agroecosystems 885 kt (2017) -30%

Value 885 kt (2017)

Change since 1990 -30.5%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 2.34 kg/person (2023) -9%

Value 2.34 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 -8.6%

Nitrogen applied from organic fertilizers (excluding livestock manure) 31.4 kt (2017) +55%

Value 31.4 kt (2017)

Change since 1990 +55.1%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 527 kt (2017) -30%

Value 527 kt (2017)

Change since 1990 -30.4%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 518 kt (2017) -9%

Value 518 kt (2017)

Change since 1990 -9.3%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 106 kt (2017) +5%

Value 106 kt (2017)

Change since 1990 +4.7%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 287 t (2020) -33%

Value 287 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -32.9%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 114 kg/ha (2023) +68%

Value 114 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +68.3%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 1.06 Mt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 114 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 60 kg/ha (2023) +169%

Value 60 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +169.5%

Total N fertilizer production 627 kt (2023) -9%

Value 627 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -9.0%

N fertilizer imports 772 kt (2023) +13096%

Value 772 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +13096.0%

N fertilizer exports 160 kt (2023) -53%

Value 160 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -53.3%

N fertilizer use per capita 9.57 kg/ person (2023) +37%

Value 9.57 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +37.1%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 569 kt (2023) +64%

Value 569 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +63.7%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 61 kg/ha (2023) +174%

Value 61 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +173.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 59.4 kg/ha (2023) +167%

Value 59.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +166.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 307 kt (2023) -32%

Value 307 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -31.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 32.3 kg/ha (2023) +12%

Value 32.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +12.1%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 15.6 g per $ (2023) +51%

Value 15.6 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +51.2%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 575 t (2020) -31%

Value 575 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -30.6%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 54.6 t (2024) -95%

Value 54.6 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -94.8%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 116 k$ (2024) -40%

Value 116 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -40.3%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 76.6 kt (2024) -70%

Value 76.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -70.0%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 43.8 M$ (2024) +17%

Value 43.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +17.3%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 9.86 kt (2017) -91%

Value 9.86 kt (2017)

Change since 2007 -91.4%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 280 kt (2021) -43%

Value 280 kt (2021)

Change since 2008 -43.5%

Export of ammonium nitrate 58.4 kt (2024) +9593%

Value 58.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +9593.2%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 27.1 M$ (2024) +14530%

Value 27.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +14530.1%

Import of ammonium nitrate 16.3 kt (2024) -83%

Value 16.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -83.2%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 5.72 M$ (2024) -53%

Value 5.72 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -52.6%

Production of ammonium nitrate 181 kt (2024) +166%

Value 181 kt (2024)

Change since 2008 +165.8%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 110 kt (2021) -20%

Value 110 kt (2021)

Change since 2008 -19.9%

Export of ammonium sulphate 70.8 kt (2024) -68%

Value 70.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -67.6%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 10.3 M$ (2024) -9%

Value 10.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -8.9%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 216 kt (2024) +42%

Value 216 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +42.0%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 51.5 M$ (2024) +300%

Value 51.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +299.7%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 157 kt (2024) +176%

Value 157 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +175.6%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 66.1 kt (2021) +6%

Value 66.1 kt (2021)

Change since 2015 +6.4%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 71.5 kt (2024) +83%

Value 71.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +83.0%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 17.2 M$ (2024) +391%

Value 17.2 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +390.5%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 89.8 kt (2024) -10%

Value 89.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -10.0%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 28.6 M$ (2024) +135%

Value 28.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +135.3%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 47.5 kt (2024) -12%

Value 47.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2019 -11.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 564 kt N (2023) +62%

Value 564 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +62.1%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 43.4 kt (2024) +252%

Value 43.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +252.4%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 110 M$ (2024) +975%

Value 110 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +975.3%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 29 kt (2024) -13%

Value 29 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -12.8%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 46.8 M$ (2024) +209%

Value 46.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +208.7%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 327 kt (2017) +75%

Value 327 kt (2017)

Change since 2014 +74.6%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 401 kt (2021) -25%

Value 401 kt (2021)

Change since 2008 -24.9%

Export of NPK fertilizers 234 kt (2024) +465%

Value 234 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +465.2%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 234 M$ (2024) +465%

Value 234 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +465.2%

Import of NPK fertilizers 181 kt (2024) -55%

Value 181 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -54.7%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 103 M$ (2024) +30%

Value 103 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +30.5%

Production of NPK fertilizers 282 kt (2024) -69%

Value 282 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 -68.9%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 27.3 kt (2024) +95%

Value 27.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +94.9%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 26.5 M$ (2024) +710%

Value 26.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +709.5%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 112 kt (2024) -22%

Value 112 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -21.6%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 40.9 M$ (2024) +55%

Value 40.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +54.9%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 537 kt (2017) +188%

Value 537 kt (2017)

Change since 2006 +188.2%

Agriculture use of urea 564 kt (2021) -17%

Value 564 kt (2021)

Change since 2008 -17.0%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 509 t (2024) +134%

Value 509 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +134.2%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 673 k$ (2024) +706%

Value 673 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +706.2%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.04 M$ (2024) +214%

Value 1.04 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +213.6%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 3.39 kt (2017) -81%

Value 3.39 kt (2017)

Change since 2006 -81.1%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 969 t (2024) -68%

Value 969 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -68.1%

Export of urea 118 kt (2024) +6762%

Value 118 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +6761.8%

Export value of urea 47.8 M$ (2024) +6953%

Value 47.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +6952.6%

Import of urea 980 kt (2024) -14%

Value 980 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -14.2%

Import value of urea 359 M$ (2024) +155%

Value 359 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +154.9%

Production of urea 573 kt (2024) +39%

Value 573 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 +39.2%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 263 kt (2023) +10%

Value 263 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +9.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 75 kt (2023) -10%

Value 75 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -10.2%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 7.91 kg/ha (2023) +48%

Value 7.91 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.7%

N lost from croplands through leaching 118,289 kg/ha and ton (2023) -5%

Value 118,289 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 -5.3%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 12.5 kg/ha (2023) +56%

Value 12.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +55.9%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 27.7 kg/ha (2023) +81%

Value 27.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +80.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 431 kt (2023) +4%

Value 431 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +4.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 138 kt (2023) +31%

Value 138 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +31.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 45.5 kg/ha (2023) +72%

Value 45.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +71.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 14.6 kg/ha (2023) +116%

Value 14.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +116.1%

Nitrogen use efficiency 52.6 % (2014) +10%

Value 52.6 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +10.0%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 19.9 mg/L (2021) -29%

Value 19.9 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2000 -28.5%

Share of all nitrate emissions to surface water attributable to agriculture single year 62 % (1995) —

Share of monitoring sites located in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for nitrate, for ground water 12.6 % (2019) +1160%

Value 12.6 % (2019)

Change since 2000 +1160.0%

Percentage of monitoring sites located in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for nitrate, for surface water single year 0.6 % (2019) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 7.96 Mt CO₂e (2024) -22%

Value 7.96 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -21.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 91.3 Mt CO₂e (2021) +37%

Value 91.3 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +36.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 1.87 Mt CO₂e (2021) -5%

Value 1.87 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 -5.4%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 333 kt (2021) -26%

Value 333 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -26.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 9,050 Gt CO₂e (2023) -35%

Value 9,050 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -34.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 152 t CO₂e/person (2023) -37%

Value 152 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -37.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.224 t (2023) +243%

Value 0.224 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +242.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0016 t (2017) -97%

Value 0.0016 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -97.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.659 t (2023) +22%

Value 0.659 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +22.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0422 t (2023) -67%

Value 0.0422 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0352 t (2023) -81%

Value 0.0352 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.231 t (2023) +89%

Value 0.231 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +89.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0019 t (2023) -90%

Value 0.0019 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -90.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0341 t (2023) +1605%

Value 0.0341 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1605.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.207 t (2023) +207200%

Value 0.207 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +207200.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.38 t (2023) -23%

Value 1.38 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -22.8%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0349 t (2023) -58%

Value 0.0349 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -58.4%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0081 t (2023) +72%

Value 0.0081 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +72.3%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0523 t (2023) -57%

Value 0.0523 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -57.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0504 t (2023) +243%

Value 0.0504 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +242.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0004 t (2017) -97%

Value 0.0004 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -96.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.148 t (2023) +22%

Value 0.148 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +22.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0095 t (2023) -67%

Value 0.0095 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0079 t (2023) -81%

Value 0.0079 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.4%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0519 t (2023) +89%

Value 0.0519 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +88.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0004 t (2023) -91%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -90.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0077 t (2023) +1825%

Value 0.0077 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1825.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0466 t (2023) —

Value 0.0466 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.311 t (2023) -23%

Value 0.311 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -22.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 274 t (2023) +243%

Value 274 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +242.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 2 t (2017) -97%

Value 2 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -97.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 808 t (2023) +22%

Value 808 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +22.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 51.7 t (2023) -67%

Value 51.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 43.2 t (2023) -81%

Value 43.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 283 t (2023) +89%

Value 283 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +89.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 2.3 t (2023) -90%

Value 2.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -90.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 41.7 t (2023) +1638%

Value 41.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1637.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 254 t (2023) +253800%

Value 254 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +253800.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.7 kt (2023) -23%

Value 1.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -22.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 18.9 kt (2023) -31%

Value 18.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -31.5%

N content from crop residues, for barley 14.3 kt (2023) +243%

Value 14.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +242.8%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 102 t (2017) -97%

Value 102 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -97.2%

N content from crop residues, for maize 42 kt (2023) +22%

Value 42 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +22.0%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 2.24 kt (2023) -81%

Value 2.24 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -81.3%

N content from crop residues, for rice 14.7 kt (2023) +89%

Value 14.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +89.0%

N content from crop residues, for rye 120 t (2023) -90%

Value 120 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -90.2%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 2.17 kt (2023) +1625%

Value 2.17 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1625.1%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 13.2 kt (2023) +257324%

Value 13.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +257323.5%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 88.1 kt (2023) -23%

Value 88.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -22.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 2 kg/ha (2023) +13%

Value 2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +12.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 12.9 Mt CO₂e (2024) -46%

Value 12.9 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -45.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -48.8 % change (2024) -1184%

Value -48.8 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -1183.8%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 351 kt (2021) -25%

Value 351 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -25.1%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 17.6 Gt CO₂e (2023) -31%

Value 17.6 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -31.4%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 552 t (2023) -74%

Value 552 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -74.0%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 382 t (2023) -28%

Value 382 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -27.8%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 15,218 Gt CO₂e (2024) +814%

Value 15,218 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +814.4%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.518 % (2024) -55%

Value 0.518 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -55.2%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.125 mg/L (2021) -98%

Value 0.125 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2001 -97.9%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.838 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 875 kt CO₂e (2024) +83%

Value 875 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +83.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 11.7 kt CO₂e (2024) -37%

Value 11.7 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -37.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 69 kt CO₂e (2024) -59%

Value 69 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -59.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 1.41 Mt CO₂e (2024) -88%

Value 1.41 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -87.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 296 kt CO₂e (2024) +275%

Value 296 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +274.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 932 kt CO₂e (2024) +94%

Value 932 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +94.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 1.37 Mt CO₂e (2024) +46%

Value 1.37 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +46.4%

Population (total) 58.9 M (2025) +17%

Value 58.9 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +17.4%

GDP (current US$) 2.55 T$ (2025) +5973%

Value 2.55 T$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +5973.3%

GDP per capita (current US$) 43.3 k$ (2025) +5075%

Value 43.3 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +5074.9%

Cropland area (% of land area) 8.11 % of land area (2023) -13%

Value 8.11 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 -13.1%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 19 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2.07 % of GDP (2025) -35%

Value 2.07 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1990 -35.0%

Cropland area (hectares) 9,484,067 ha (2023) -39%

Value 9,484,067 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -39.2%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations