Iceland

Indicators

N balance in agroecosystems 12.1 kt (2021) -26%

Value 12.1 kt (2021)

Change since 1985 -25.6%

N fertilizer consumption per capita 5.03 kg/person (2023) -50%

Value 5.03 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.5%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 12 kt (2021) -11%

Value 12 kt (2021)

Change since 1985 -11.5%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 3.9 kt (2021) -9%

Value 3.9 kt (2021)

Change since 1985 -8.8%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 344 t (2021) +19%

Value 344 t (2021)

Change since 1985 +19.2%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) -100%

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -100.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2009 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 97.3 kg/ha (2023) -6%

Value 97.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -6.0%

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 71.9 kg/ha (2023) +17%

Value 71.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +16.5%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N fertilizer imports 9.12 kt (2023) +3159%

Value 9.12 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +3158.9%

N fertilizer exports 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 22.5 kg/ person (2023) -46%

Value 22.5 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 -45.7%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 8.7 kt (2023) +17%

Value 8.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +17.5%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 71.9 kg/ha (2023) +17%

Value 71.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +16.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 54.6 kg/ha (2023) -20%

Value 54.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -20.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 4.02 kt (2023) -5%

Value 4.02 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -5.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 33.2 kg/ha (2023) -6%

Value 33.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -6.0%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 48.8 g per $ (2023) -10%

Value 48.8 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 -9.8%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 11.4 t (2020) -12%

Value 11.4 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -12.2%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Agricultural use of ammonia (anhydrous) 48 t (2023) -42%

Value 48 t (2023)

Change since 2015 -42.2%

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 0.52 t (2003) —

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 4.72 k$ (2003) —

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 32.5 t (2024) -43%

Value 32.5 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -43.3%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 96.2 k$ (2024) +146%

Value 96.2 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +145.7%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 546 t (2023) -96%

Value 546 t (2023)

Change since 2004 -96.1%

Export of ammonium nitrate single year 0.9 t (2006) —

Export value of ammonium nitrate single year 12.8 k$ (2006) —

Import of ammonium nitrate 504 t (2024) -95%

Value 504 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -95.3%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 366 k$ (2024) -71%

Value 366 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -70.8%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2009 —

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 500 t (2023) +250%

Value 500 t (2023)

Change since 2005 +249.7%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 584 t (2024) -66%

Value 584 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -65.8%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 341 k$ (2024) +53%

Value 341 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +53.5%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2009 —

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 6.78 kt (2023) +4816%

Value 6.78 kt (2023)

Change since 2004 +4815.9%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 7.67 kt (2024) +119%

Value 7.67 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +119.2%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 4.49 M$ (2024) +822%

Value 4.49 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +822.3%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2009 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 6.6 kt N (2023) -20%

Value 6.6 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 -19.5%

Agricultural use of fertilizers n.e.c. 87 t (2023) -100%

Value 87 t (2023)

Change since 2016 -99.8%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 0.06 t (2022) —

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 100 $ (2022) —

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 108 t (2024) -93%

Value 108 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -93.0%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 180 k$ (2024) -30%

Value 180 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -29.6%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 20.1 kt (2023) -13%

Value 20.1 kt (2023)

Change since 2009 -13.5%

Export of NPK fertilizers 0.31 t (2024) +182%

Value 0.31 t (2024)

Change since 2013 +181.8%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 310 $ (2024) +182%

Value 310 $ (2024)

Change since 2013 +181.8%

Import of NPK fertilizers 29.5 kt (2024) +98%

Value 29.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +97.5%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 17.7 M$ (2024) +477%

Value 17.7 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +477.4%

Production of NPK fertilizers 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2008 —

Agricultural use of other nitrogenous fertilizers 343 t (2023) -14%

Value 343 t (2023)

Change since 2015 -14.0%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0.09 t (2024) -100%

Value 0.09 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.24 k$ (2024) -96%

Value 1.24 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -95.9%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 366 t (2024) -93%

Value 366 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -92.9%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 291 k$ (2024) -71%

Value 291 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -71.3%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

Agriculture use of urea 3.52 kt (2023) +9683%

Value 3.52 kt (2023)

Change since 2004 +9683.3%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 30 $ (2024) —

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2009 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 0.09 t (2024) —

Export of urea 0.36 t (2024) —

Value 0.36 t (2024)

Change since 2009 —

Export value of urea 790 $ (2024) +778%

Value 790 $ (2024)

Change since 2009 +777.8%

Import of urea 3.96 kt (2024) +4694%

Value 3.96 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +4694.4%

Import value of urea 2.4 M$ (2024) +6312%

Value 2.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +6312.1%

Production of urea 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2009 —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 3.82 kt (2023) +9%

Value 3.82 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +9.2%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 63 t (2023) -66%

Value 63 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -65.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 0.521 kg/ha (2023) -66%

Value 0.521 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching 1,674 kg/ha and ton (2023) +5%

Value 1,674 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +5.4%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 13.8 kg/ha (2023) +4%

Value 13.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +4.5%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 31.5 kg/ha (2023) +8%

Value 31.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +8.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 171 t (2023) +362%

Value 171 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +361.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 1.15 kt (2023) +41%

Value 1.15 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +41.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 1.42 kg/ha (2023) +358%

Value 1.42 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +357.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 9.51 kg/ha (2023) +40%

Value 9.51 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +40.2%

Nitrogen use efficiency 0.212 % (2014) -43%

Value 0.212 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -43.5%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 0.24 mg/L (2021) +500%

Value 0.24 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2003 +500.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 220 kt CO₂e (2024) -6%

Value 220 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -6.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 20 kt CO₂e (2020) +43%

Value 20 kt CO₂e (2020)

Change since 2006 +42.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 778 kt CO₂e (2021) +571%

Value 778 kt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +570.7%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 4.29 kt (2021) -11%

Value 4.29 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -11.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 280 Gt CO₂e (2023) -12%

Value 280 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -12.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 722 t CO₂e/person (2023) -42%

Value 722 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -42.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0016 t (2023) +78%

Value 0.0016 t (2023)

Change since 2015 +77.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0003 t (2023) -25%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -25.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0003 t (2023) +50%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 2015 +50.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 1.9 t (2023) +73%

Value 1.9 t (2023)

Change since 2015 +72.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 0.3 t (2023) -40%

Value 0.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -40.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 20.2 t (2023) +639%

Value 20.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +638.6%

N content from crop residues, for barley 98.8 t (2023) +73%

Value 98.8 t (2023)

Change since 2015 +72.8%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 17.3 t (2023) -38%

Value 17.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -38.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.167 kg/ha (2023) +632%

Value 0.167 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +632.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 264 kt CO₂e (2024) -12%

Value 264 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -11.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -21.2 % change (2024) -1083%

Value -21.2 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -1083.3%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 4.37 kt (2021) -10%

Value 4.37 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -9.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 360 Mt CO₂e (2023) -4%

Value 360 Mt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -4.4%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 13.5 t (2023) -45%

Value 13.5 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -45.4%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 4.54 t (2023) -12%

Value 4.54 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -12.2%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 346 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1019%

Value 346 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1019.5%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.0118 % (2024) -45%

Value 0.0118 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -45.2%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.0031 mg/L (2021) -4%

Value 0.0031 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2006 -3.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 3.2 kt CO₂e (2024) -84%

Value 3.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -83.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 100 t CO₂e (2024) -75%

Value 100 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -75.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 21.6 kt CO₂e (2024) -40%

Value 21.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -40.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 0 t CO₂e (2024) -100%

Value 0 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -100.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 9.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +241%

Value 9.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +240.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 10.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +100%

Value 10.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +100.0%

Population (total) 392 k (2025) +123%

Value 392 k (2025)

Change since 1960 +123.5%

GDP (current US$) 38.6 B$ (2025) +14683%

Value 38.6 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +14683.5%

GDP per capita (current US$) 98.3 k$ (2025) +6515%

Value 98.3 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +6514.6%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 2 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 3.65 % of GDP (2025) -60%

Value 3.65 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1995 -60.0%

Cropland area (hectares) 121,000 ha (2023) +1%

Value 121,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.8%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations