Ethiopia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 59.6 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 492 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.655 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 233 kt (2023) +336%

Value 233 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +336.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 12.6 kg/ha (2023) +149%

Value 12.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +149.2%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.02 kg/person (2023) +100%

Value 0.02 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1993 +100.0%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2013 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 45.3 kg/ha (2023) +497%

Value 45.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +497.1%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 600 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 72.7 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 29.6 kg/ha (2023) +959%

Value 29.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +958.9%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

N fertilizer imports 547 kt (2023) +1450%

Value 547 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +1450.3%

N fertilizer exports 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1993 —

N fertilizer use per capita 4.25 kg/ person (2023) +673%

Value 4.25 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1993 +672.7%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 547 kt (2023) +1755%

Value 547 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +1755.1%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 29.6 kg/ha (2023) +959%

Value 29.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +958.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 29.3 kg/ha (2023) +949%

Value 29.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +948.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 126 kt (2023) +172%

Value 126 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +171.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 6.81 kg/ha (2023) +55%

Value 6.81 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +55.1%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 25.2 g per $ (2023) +359%

Value 25.2 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1993 +359.2%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 420 t (2020) +449%

Value 420 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +449.2%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 31.2 t (2023) +201%

Value 31.2 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +201.0%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 128 k$ (2023) +262%

Value 128 k$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +262.3%

Export of ammonium nitrate single year 0 t (2013) —

Export value of ammonium nitrate single year 0 $ (2013) —

Import of ammonium nitrate 827 t (2023) —

Value 827 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Import value of ammonium nitrate 1.12 M$ (2023) +3722833%

Value 1.12 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +3722833.3%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 283 t (2003) +18%

Value 283 t (2003)

Change since 2002 +18.4%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 299 t (2023) +25%

Value 299 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +25.1%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 200 k$ (2023) +250%

Value 200 k$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +250.0%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 2.1 t (2022) -81%

Value 2.1 t (2022)

Change since 2004 -80.9%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 6.23 k$ (2022) +7%

Value 6.23 k$ (2022)

Change since 2004 +7.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 542 kt N (2023) +1736%

Value 542 kt N (2023)

Change since 1993 +1736.2%

Agricultural use of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 928 kt (2017) —

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 10 t (2017) +9900%

Value 10 t (2017)

Change since 2008 +9900.0%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.87 k$ (2017) -74%

Value 2.87 k$ (2017)

Change since 2008 -73.6%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.39 kt (2023) +2309%

Value 2.39 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +2309.4%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 5.2 M$ (2023) +14932%

Value 5.2 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +14932.2%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 1.48 kt (2005) +1746%

Value 1.48 kt (2005)

Change since 2002 +1746.2%

Export of NPK fertilizers single year 0.03 t (2017) —

Export value of NPK fertilizers single year 30 $ (2017) —

Import of NPK fertilizers 10.8 kt (2023) +492%

Value 10.8 kt (2023)

Change since 2003 +492.5%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 10.8 M$ (2023) +1986%

Value 10.8 M$ (2023)

Change since 2003 +1986.3%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 5.78 kt (2023) +15%

Value 5.78 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +15.4%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 5.61 M$ (2023) +268%

Value 5.61 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +267.5%

Agriculture use of urea 68 t (2020) -100%

Value 68 t (2020)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 47.7 k$ (2023) +158900%

Value 47.7 k$ (2023)

Change since 2005 +158900.0%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 49.5 t (2023) +98860%

Value 49.5 t (2023)

Change since 2005 +98860.0%

Import of urea 765 kt (2023) +325%

Value 765 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +325.3%

Import value of urea 489 M$ (2023) +1355%

Value 489 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +1355.3%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 202 kt (2023) +788%

Value 202 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +788.1%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 218 kt (2023) +112%

Value 218 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +111.9%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 11.8 kg/ha (2023) +21%

Value 11.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +21.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching 79,864 kg/ha and ton (2023) +554%

Value 79,864 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1993 +554.4%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 4.33 kg/ha (2023) +274%

Value 4.33 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +273.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 10.9 kg/ha (2023) +407%

Value 10.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +407.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 671 kt (2023) +416%

Value 671 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +416.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 344 kt (2023) +342%

Value 344 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +342.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 36.3 kg/ha (2023) +195%

Value 36.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +194.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 18.7 kg/ha (2023) +152%

Value 18.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +152.4%

Nitrogen use efficiency 85.3 % (2014) +43%

Value 85.3 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +42.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 35.5 Mt CO₂e (2024) +195%

Value 35.5 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +194.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 46,030 Gt CO₂e (2023) +141%

Value 46,030 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +140.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 358 t CO₂e/person (2023) -11%

Value 358 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -11.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.493 t (2023) +172%

Value 0.493 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +172.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0931 t (2023) +880%

Value 0.0931 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +880.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 1.34 t (2023) +492%

Value 1.34 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +492.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.197 t (2023) +651%

Value 0.197 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +651.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0088 t (2023) +9%

Value 0.0088 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +8.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0439 t (2023) +118%

Value 0.0439 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +118.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0426 t (2023) +1421%

Value 0.0426 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +1421.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.683 t (2023) +382%

Value 0.683 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +382.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0467 t (2023) +4570%

Value 0.0467 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +4570.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.18 t (2023) +491%

Value 1.18 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +490.7%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.178 t (2023) +204%

Value 0.178 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +204.1%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.001 t (2023) +43%

Value 0.001 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +42.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0023 t (2023) +1050%

Value 0.0023 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +1050.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0521 t (2023) +222%

Value 0.0521 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +221.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.111 t (2023) +172%

Value 0.111 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +172.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0209 t (2023) +895%

Value 0.0209 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +895.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.301 t (2023) +492%

Value 0.301 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +492.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0443 t (2023) +651%

Value 0.0443 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +650.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.002 t (2023) +11%

Value 0.002 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +11.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0099 t (2023) +120%

Value 0.0099 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +120.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0096 t (2023) +1500%

Value 0.0096 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +1500.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.154 t (2023) +382%

Value 0.154 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +381.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0105 t (2023) +5150%

Value 0.0105 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +5150.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.266 t (2023) +491%

Value 0.266 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +490.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 604 t (2023) +172%

Value 604 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +172.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 114 t (2023) +883%

Value 114 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +882.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 1.64 kt (2023) +492%

Value 1.64 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +492.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 241 t (2023) +651%

Value 241 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +650.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 10.8 t (2023) +8%

Value 10.8 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +8.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 53.7 t (2023) +118%

Value 53.7 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +118.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 52.2 t (2023) +1391%

Value 52.2 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +1391.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 836 t (2023) +382%

Value 836 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +382.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 57.3 t (2023) +4675%

Value 57.3 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +4675.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.45 kt (2023) +490%

Value 1.45 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +490.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 12.4 kt (2023) +117%

Value 12.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +117.1%

N content from crop residues, for barley 31.4 kt (2023) +172%

Value 31.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +172.1%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 5.92 kt (2023) +880%

Value 5.92 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +880.3%

N content from crop residues, for maize 85.3 kt (2023) +493%

Value 85.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +492.5%

N content from crop residues, for millet 12.5 kt (2023) +650%

Value 12.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +650.3%

N content from crop residues, for oats 12.5 kt (2023) +650%

Value 12.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +650.3%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 2.79 kt (2023) +118%

Value 2.79 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +118.3%

N content from crop residues, for rice 2.71 kt (2023) +1401%

Value 2.71 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +1400.9%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 43.4 kt (2023) +382%

Value 43.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +382.2%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 2.97 kt (2023) +4678%

Value 2.97 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +4677.5%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 75.2 kt (2023) +491%

Value 75.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +490.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.673 kg/ha (2023) +24%

Value 0.673 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +24.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 41.7 Mt CO₂e (2024) +222%

Value 41.7 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +222.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 175 % change (2024) +11447%

Value 175 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +11447.0%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 51,627 Gt CO₂e (2024) +4797%

Value 51,627 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +4797.2%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 1.76 % (2024) +140%

Value 1.76 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +139.8%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.655 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 2.63 Mt CO₂e (2024) +707%

Value 2.63 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +707.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 215 kt CO₂e (2024) +322%

Value 215 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +322.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 21.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +4160%

Value 21.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +4160.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 1.59 Mt CO₂e (2024) +467%

Value 1.59 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +467.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 0 t CO₂e (2024) -100%

Value 0 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -100.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 91.7 kt CO₂e (2024) +1630%

Value 91.7 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1630.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 1.63 Mt CO₂e (2024) +599%

Value 1.63 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +598.6%

Population (total) 135 M (2025) +534%

Value 135 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +533.7%

GDP (current US$) 126 B$ (2025) +7746%

Value 126 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +7745.9%

GDP per capita (current US$) 933 $ (2025) +1138%

Value 933 $ (2025)

Change since 1960 +1138.0%

Cropland area (% of land area) 1.82 % of land area (2023) +238%

Value 1.82 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1993 +237.5%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 13 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 32.8 % of GDP (2025) -39%

Value 32.8 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1981 -38.5%

Cropland area (hectares) 18,456,934 ha (2023) +75%

Value 18,456,934 ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +75.1%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations