Estonia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 22.8 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 17.3 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.023 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 7.68 kt (2023) +29480%

Value 7.68 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +29479.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 10.7 kg/ha (2023) +46615%

Value 10.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +46615.2%

N balance in agroecosystems 26.8 kt (2012) -7%

Value 26.8 kt (2012)

Change since 2004 -7.3%

N fertilizer consumption per capita 5.94 kg/person (2023) -81%

Value 5.94 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1992 -80.9%

Nitrogen applied from organic fertilizers (excluding livestock manure) 16.4 t (2012) +310%

Value 16.4 t (2012)

Change since 2004 +310.0%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 33 kt (2012) +33%

Value 33 kt (2012)

Change since 2004 +32.8%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 18.8 kt (2012) -7%

Value 18.8 kt (2012)

Change since 2004 -7.4%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 1.43 kt (2012) +3%

Value 1.43 kt (2012)

Change since 2004 +2.6%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0.264 t (2020) -99%

Value 0.264 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -99.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 74.9 kg/ha (2023) -26%

Value 74.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -25.9%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 30.5 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 40.2 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 53.7 kg/ha (2023) +55%

Value 53.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +55.2%

Total N fertilizer production 264 t (2023) -99%

Value 264 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -99.4%

N fertilizer imports 66 kt (2023) +164%

Value 66 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +163.9%

N fertilizer exports 12.5 kt (2023) -68%

Value 12.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -68.4%

N fertilizer use per capita 28.1 kg/ person (2023) +11%

Value 28.1 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1992 +10.9%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 38.4 kt (2023) -2%

Value 38.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -1.5%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 53.7 kg/ha (2023) +55%

Value 53.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +55.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 61.1 kg/ha (2023) +96%

Value 61.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +96.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 10.7 kt (2023) -66%

Value 10.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -66.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 15 kg/ha (2023) -47%

Value 15 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -46.8%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 42.3 g per $ (2023) +19%

Value 42.3 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1992 +18.8%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 41.5 t (2020) +85%

Value 41.5 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +85.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 0.09 t (2020) -100%

Value 0.09 t (2020)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 3.11 k$ (2020) -100%

Value 3.11 k$ (2020)

Change since 2002 -99.8%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 10.6 t (2024) -77%

Value 10.6 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -77.1%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 27.8 k$ (2024) +117%

Value 27.8 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +117.5%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 75.2 kt (2011) +57%

Value 75.2 kt (2011)

Change since 2004 +56.8%

Export of ammonium nitrate 1.32 kt (2024) -91%

Value 1.32 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -91.1%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 429 k$ (2024) -66%

Value 429 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -66.4%

Import of ammonium nitrate 54.4 kt (2024) -65%

Value 54.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -65.0%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 18.4 M$ (2024) +78%

Value 18.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +77.8%

Production of ammonium nitrate 4.25 kt (2019) +6870%

Value 4.25 kt (2019)

Change since 2004 +6870.5%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 16.8 kt (2011) +2245%

Value 16.8 kt (2011)

Change since 2004 +2244.7%

Export of ammonium sulphate 48 t (2024) -97%

Value 48 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -96.7%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 12.2 k$ (2024) -87%

Value 12.2 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -87.4%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 4.12 kt (2024) +152%

Value 4.12 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +152.2%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 1.06 M$ (2024) +929%

Value 1.06 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +929.2%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 7.56 kt (2011) +322%

Value 7.56 kt (2011)

Change since 2004 +322.1%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 96 t (2024) -94%

Value 96 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -94.0%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 34.1 k$ (2024) -68%

Value 34.1 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -67.7%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 84.7 kt (2024) +6447%

Value 84.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +6447.3%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 22.7 M$ (2024) +13640%

Value 22.7 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +13639.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 43.7 kt N (2023) +24%

Value 43.7 kt N (2023)

Change since 1992 +24.5%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 970 t (2024) +489%

Value 970 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +489.1%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.24 M$ (2024) +1947%

Value 2.24 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1946.8%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.01 kt (2024) -12%

Value 3.01 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -12.4%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 3.5 M$ (2024) +948%

Value 3.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +947.8%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 106 kt (2011) +97%

Value 106 kt (2011)

Change since 2005 +96.9%

Export of NPK fertilizers 3.56 kt (2024) -97%

Value 3.56 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -96.7%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 3.56 M$ (2024) -97%

Value 3.56 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -96.7%

Import of NPK fertilizers 76.5 kt (2024) +97%

Value 76.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +96.7%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 36.2 M$ (2024) +541%

Value 36.2 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +540.8%

Production of NPK fertilizers 5 kt (2008) -86%

Value 5 kt (2008)

Change since 2004 -86.5%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 9.71 kt (2024) +81300%

Value 9.71 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +81300.4%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 2.9 M$ (2024) +70002%

Value 2.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +70001.9%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 3.65 kt (2024) -20%

Value 3.65 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -20.0%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 935 k$ (2024) +150%

Value 935 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +149.8%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.49 kt (2024) -64%

Value 1.49 kt (2024)

Change since 2023 -64.4%

Agriculture use of urea 2.06 kt (2011) -82%

Value 2.06 kt (2011)

Change since 2004 -81.9%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 8 t (2005) —

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 96.9 t (2024) -100%

Value 96.9 t (2024)

Change since 2008 -99.9%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 31.7 k$ (2024) -100%

Value 31.7 k$ (2024)

Change since 2008 -99.9%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 529 k$ (2024) +10059%

Value 529 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +10059.1%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.64 kt (2024) +2711%

Value 1.64 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2711.3%

Export of urea 3.71 kt (2024) -99%

Value 3.71 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.0%

Export value of urea 1.49 M$ (2024) -93%

Value 1.49 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -92.8%

Import of urea 25.2 kt (2024) -92%

Value 25.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -92.0%

Import value of urea 5.76 M$ (2024) -63%

Value 5.76 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -62.8%

Production of urea 61.1 kt (2004) -17%

Value 61.1 kt (2004)

Change since 2003 -17.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 13.6 kt (2023) -32%

Value 13.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -32.2%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 2.65 kt (2023) -43%

Value 2.65 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -43.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 3.71 kg/ha (2023) -10%

Value 3.71 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -10.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching 5,598 kg/ha and ton (2023) -43%

Value 5,598 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1992 -43.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 7.83 kg/ha (2023) -10%

Value 7.83 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -10.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 19 kg/ha (2023) +7%

Value 19 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +6.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 33 kt (2023) +136%

Value 33 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +135.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 3.44 kt (2023) -34%

Value 3.44 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -33.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 46.1 kg/ha (2023) +272%

Value 46.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +271.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 4.81 kg/ha (2023) +5%

Value 4.81 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +4.7%

Nitrogen use efficiency 65.4 % (2014) +66%

Value 65.4 % (2014)

Change since 1992 +65.6%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 11.3 mg/L (2021) +77%

Value 11.3 mg/L (2021)

Change since 1992 +77.0%

Share of all nitrate emissions to surface water attributable to agriculture 59 % (2009) -5%

Value 59 % (2009)

Change since 2004 -4.8%

Share of monitoring sites located in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for nitrate, for ground water 18.2 % (2021) -20%

Value 18.2 % (2021)

Change since 1995 -20.1%

Percentage of monitoring sites located in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for nitrate, for surface water 1.17 % (2021) —

Value 1.17 % (2021)

Change since 2000 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 1.49 Mt CO₂e (2024) +12%

Value 1.49 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +12.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 6.07 Mt CO₂e (2021) +60610%

Value 6.07 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 2001 +60610.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 242 Mt CO₂e (2021) +3%

Value 242 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +2.5%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 9.14 kt (2021) -54%

Value 9.14 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -53.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 1,430 Gt CO₂e (2023) -21%

Value 1,430 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -21.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 1,046 t CO₂e/person (2023) -9%

Value 1,046 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -9.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.065 t (2023) -11%

Value 0.065 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -11.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0052 t (2017) —

Value 0.0052 t (2017)

Change since 1992 —

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0147 t (2023) +39%

Value 0.0147 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +38.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0023 t (2023) -91%

Value 0.0023 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -91.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0103 t (2023) -62%

Value 0.0103 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -62.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.139 t (2023) +625%

Value 0.139 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +625.1%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0049 t (2023) +308%

Value 0.0049 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +308.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0146 t (2023) -12%

Value 0.0146 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -11.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0012 t (2017) —

Value 0.0012 t (2017)

Change since 1992 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0033 t (2023) +38%

Value 0.0033 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +37.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0005 t (2023) -92%

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -91.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0023 t (2023) -63%

Value 0.0023 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -62.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0312 t (2023) +626%

Value 0.0312 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +625.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 79.6 t (2023) -11%

Value 79.6 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -11.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 6.3 t (2017) —

Value 6.3 t (2017)

Change since 1992 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 18 t (2023) +40%

Value 18 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +39.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 2.8 t (2023) -91%

Value 2.8 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -91.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 12.6 t (2023) -62%

Value 12.6 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -62.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 170 t (2023) +625%

Value 170 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +624.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 1.74 kt (2023) -0%

Value 1.74 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -0.0%

N content from crop residues, for barley 4.13 kt (2023) -11%

Value 4.13 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -11.3%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 330 t (2017) +21293%

Value 330 t (2017)

Change since 1992 +21292.5%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 148 t (2023) -91%

Value 148 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -91.1%

N content from crop residues, for rye 653 t (2023) -63%

Value 653 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -62.6%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 8.81 kt (2023) +624%

Value 8.81 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +624.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 2.43 kg/ha (2023) +58%

Value 2.43 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +57.6%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.68 Mt CO₂e (2024) +6%

Value 1.68 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +6.4%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -4.31 % change (2024) -53%

Value -4.31 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -53.0%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 9.71 kt (2021) -53%

Value 9.71 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -53.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.11 Gt CO₂e (2023) -24%

Value 1.11 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -23.9%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 18.6 t (2023) -74%

Value 18.6 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -74.1%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 9.74 t (2023) -58%

Value 9.74 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -57.7%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 1,703 Gt CO₂e (2024) +930%

Value 1,703 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +930.3%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.058 % (2024) -50%

Value 0.058 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -49.6%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.036 mg/L (2021) -83%

Value 0.036 mg/L (2021)

Change since 1992 -82.5%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.023 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 39.2 kt CO₂e (2024) -26%

Value 39.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -25.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 0 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 0 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 2.1 kt CO₂e (2024) -71%

Value 2.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -71.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 45.2 kt CO₂e (2024) -62%

Value 45.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -62.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 40.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +114%

Value 40.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +113.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 26.5 kt CO₂e (2024) -12%

Value 26.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -11.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 35.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +55%

Value 35.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +55.4%

Population (total) 1.37 M (2025) +13%

Value 1.37 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +12.8%

GDP (current US$) 47 B$ (2025) +1072%

Value 47 B$ (2025)

Change since 1993 +1071.9%

GDP per capita (current US$) 34.4 k$ (2025) +1181%

Value 34.4 k$ (2025)

Change since 1993 +1181.4%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.0936 % of land area (2023) -67%

Value 0.0936 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1992 -66.9%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 21 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 1.65 % of GDP (2025) -60%

Value 1.65 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1995 -60.1%

Cropland area (hectares) 715,000 ha (2023) -37%

Value 715,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -36.6%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations