Eritrea

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 13.2 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 6.25 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.008 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 3.3 kt (2023) +11%

Value 3.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +11.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 4.77 kg/ha (2023) -20%

Value 4.77 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 -19.6%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0 kg/person (2023) —

Value 0 kg/person (2023)

Change since 2006 —

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2013 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 1.87 kg/ha (2023) +33%

Value 1.87 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +33.3%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 8.48 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 17.9 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 1.87 kg/ha (2023) +34%

Value 1.87 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +33.6%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

N fertilizer imports 1.29 kt (2023) +29%

Value 1.29 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +29.2%

N fertilizer exports 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1993 —

N fertilizer use per capita 0.37 kg/ person (2023) -3%

Value 0.37 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1993 -2.6%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 1.29 kt (2023) +85%

Value 1.29 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +84.6%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 1.87 kg/ha (2023) +34%

Value 1.87 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +33.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 1.87 kg/ha (2023) +33%

Value 1.87 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +33.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 6.18 kt (2023) +129%

Value 6.18 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +129.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 8.93 kg/ha (2023) +66%

Value 8.93 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +65.7%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 3.18 g per $ (2023) +1%

Value 3.18 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1993 +1.0%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 3.49 t (2020) -35%

Value 3.49 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -35.4%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 11.3 t (2024) +338%

Value 11.3 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +338.0%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 20.2 k$ (2024) +242%

Value 20.2 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +242.3%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 1.7 kt (2011) +117%

Value 1.7 kt (2011)

Change since 2010 +116.6%

Import of ammonium nitrate 4.92 kt (2024) +1500%

Value 4.92 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1500.2%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 3.43 M$ (2024) +4325%

Value 3.43 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +4325.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 21 t (2011) -79%

Value 21 t (2011)

Change since 2010 -79.4%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2021) -100%

Value 0 t (2021)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 0 $ (2021) -100%

Value 0 $ (2021)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 3 kt (2006) —

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 602 k$ (2006) —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 1.29 kt N (2023) +85%

Value 1.29 kt N (2023)

Change since 1993 +84.6%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 11 t (2007) —

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 9.65 k$ (2007) —

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 0.01 t (2023) -100%

Value 0.01 t (2023)

Change since 2009 -99.9%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 10 $ (2023) -100%

Value 10 $ (2023)

Change since 2009 -100.0%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers single year 12 t (2006) —

Import of NPK fertilizers 39.2 t (2012) -17%

Value 39.2 t (2012)

Change since 2003 -16.5%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 114 k$ (2012) +392%

Value 114 k$ (2012)

Change since 2003 +392.3%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 4.02 t (2024) -99%

Value 4.02 t (2024)

Change since 2003 -98.7%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 15.3 k$ (2024) -90%

Value 15.3 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 -90.4%

Agriculture use of urea single year 3.12 kt (2005) —

Import of urea 105 t (2021) -93%

Value 105 t (2021)

Change since 2003 -93.0%

Import value of urea 83.6 k$ (2021) -65%

Value 83.6 k$ (2021)

Change since 2003 -64.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 2.24 kt (2023) +120%

Value 2.24 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +120.1%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 3.06 kt (2023) +44%

Value 3.06 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +43.5%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 4.42 kg/ha (2023) +4%

Value 4.42 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +3.7%

N lost from croplands through leaching 1,366 kg/ha and ton (2023) +124%

Value 1,366 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1993 +124.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 1.97 kg/ha (2023) +62%

Value 1.97 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +62.0%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 3.24 kg/ha (2023) +59%

Value 3.24 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +59.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 6.93 kt (2023) +108%

Value 6.93 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +108.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 3.99 kt (2023) +137%

Value 3.99 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +137.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 10 kg/ha (2023) +50%

Value 10 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +50.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 5.77 kg/ha (2023) +72%

Value 5.77 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +71.5%

Nitrogen use efficiency 48.3 % (2014) +49%

Value 48.3 % (2014)

Change since 1993 +48.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 1.13 Mt CO₂e (2024) +46%

Value 1.13 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +46.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 1,460 Gt CO₂e (2023) +39%

Value 1,460 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +39.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 421 t CO₂e/person (2023) -19%

Value 421 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -18.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0147 t (2023) +172%

Value 0.0147 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +172.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0002 t (2023) -75%

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -75.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0037 t (2023) +68%

Value 0.0037 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +68.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0056 t (2023) +22%

Value 0.0056 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +21.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -100.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0588 t (2023) +115%

Value 0.0588 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +114.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0061 t (2023) +135%

Value 0.0061 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +134.6%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0014 t (2023) -18%

Value 0.0014 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -17.6%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0007 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0007 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0033 t (2023) +175%

Value 0.0033 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +175.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0001 t (2023) -50%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -50.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0008 t (2023) +60%

Value 0.0008 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +60.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0013 t (2023) +30%

Value 0.0013 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +30.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0132 t (2023) +113%

Value 0.0132 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +112.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0014 t (2023) +133%

Value 0.0014 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +133.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 18 t (2023) +169%

Value 18 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +168.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.3 t (2023) -67%

Value 0.3 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -66.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 4.5 t (2023) +67%

Value 4.5 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +66.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 6.8 t (2023) +19%

Value 6.8 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +19.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 72 t (2023) +114%

Value 72 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +114.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 7.5 t (2023) +134%

Value 7.5 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +134.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 156 t (2023) +80%

Value 156 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +79.5%

N content from crop residues, for barley 936 t (2023) +171%

Value 936 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +170.8%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 14.3 t (2023) -71%

Value 14.3 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -70.6%

N content from crop residues, for maize 234 t (2023) +64%

Value 234 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +63.6%

N content from crop residues, for millet 354 t (2023) +20%

Value 354 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +19.9%

N content from crop residues, for oats 354 t (2023) +20%

Value 354 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +19.9%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 1.97 t (2023) -99%

Value 1.97 t (2023)

Change since 1993 -98.7%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 3.74 kt (2023) +114%

Value 3.74 kt (2023)

Change since 1993 +114.2%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 390 t (2023) +135%

Value 390 t (2023)

Change since 1993 +135.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.225 kg/ha (2023) +30%

Value 0.225 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +29.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.28 Mt CO₂e (2024) +56%

Value 1.28 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +56.3%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 34.5 % change (2024) +3493%

Value 34.5 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +3493.4%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 1,650 Gt CO₂e (2024) +2594%

Value 1,650 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +2594.0%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.0562 % (2024) +32%

Value 0.0562 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +31.9%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.008 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 40.4 kt CO₂e (2024) +242%

Value 40.4 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +242.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 5.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +146%

Value 5.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +145.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 100 t CO₂e (2024) +0%

Value 100 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +0.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 34.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +149%

Value 34.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +148.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 800 t CO₂e (2024) +167%

Value 800 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +166.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 3.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +540%

Value 3.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +540.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 58.7 kt CO₂e (2024) +402%

Value 58.7 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +401.7%

Population (total) 3.61 M (2025) +271%

Value 3.61 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +270.9%

GDP (current US$) 2.07 B$ (2011) +333%

Value 2.07 B$ (2011)

Change since 1992 +332.8%

GDP per capita (current US$) 689 $ (2011) +160%

Value 689 $ (2011)

Change since 1992 +159.6%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.0165 % of land area (2023) -17%

Value 0.0165 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1993 -16.7%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 1 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 14.1 % of GDP (2009) -48%

Value 14.1 % of GDP (2009)

Change since 1992 -48.4%

Cropland area (hectares) 692,000 ha (2023) +38%

Value 692,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1993 +38.4%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations