Croatia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 59 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 67.1 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.089 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 10.7 kt (2023) +201%

Value 10.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +200.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 11.3 kg/ha (2023) +321%

Value 11.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +321.1%

N balance in agroecosystems 80.4 kt (2019) -44%

Value 80.4 kt (2019)

Change since 2000 -44.0%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year -2.16 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 8.39 kg/person (2023) -18%

Value 8.39 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1994 -18.3%

Nitrogen applied from organic fertilizers (excluding livestock manure) 22.6 t (2019) —

Value 22.6 t (2019)

Change since 2000 —

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 97.1 kt (2019) -18%

Value 97.1 kt (2019)

Change since 2000 -17.7%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 24.1 kt (2019) -25%

Value 24.1 kt (2019)

Change since 2000 -24.7%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 17 kt (2019) +11%

Value 17 kt (2019)

Change since 2000 +10.8%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 364 t (2020) +11%

Value 364 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +11.0%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 12.9 kt (2022) —

Value 12.9 kt (2022)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 169 kg/ha (2023) +12%

Value 169 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +11.6%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 115 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 101 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 91.7 kg/ha (2023) -9%

Value 91.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -9.0%

Total N fertilizer production 66.1 kt (2023) -76%

Value 66.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -76.3%

N fertilizer imports 94.6 kt (2023) +1317%

Value 94.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +1316.5%

N fertilizer exports 28.9 kt (2023) -84%

Value 28.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -84.4%

N fertilizer use per capita 22.3 kg/ person (2023) -20%

Value 22.3 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1992 -20.2%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 86.8 kt (2023) -35%

Value 86.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -35.0%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 91.7 kg/ha (2023) -9%

Value 91.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -9.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 112 kg/ha (2023) +11%

Value 112 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +10.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 25.8 kt (2023) -41%

Value 25.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -40.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 27.3 kg/ha (2023) -17%

Value 27.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -17.0%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 36.9 g per $ (2023) -44%

Value 36.9 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1992 -44.3%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 99 t (2020) -15%

Value 99 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -14.7%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 5.27 kt (2024) +1960%

Value 5.27 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1959.7%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 3.47 M$ (2024) +4604%

Value 3.47 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +4604.1%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 238 t (2024) -99%

Value 238 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.1%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 197 k$ (2024) -96%

Value 197 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -95.8%

Production of ammonia (anhydrous) 87.8 kt (2024) -79%

Value 87.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2013 -79.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 36 t (2024) -100%

Value 36 t (2024)

Change since 2003 -99.9%

Export of ammonium nitrate 7.04 kt (2024) -62%

Value 7.04 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -62.4%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 5.2 M$ (2024) +121%

Value 5.2 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +120.9%

Import of ammonium nitrate 10.7 kt (2024) +29165%

Value 10.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +29164.9%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 6.59 M$ (2024) +106773%

Value 6.59 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +106772.9%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2024) -100%

Value 0 t (2024)

Change since 2005 -100.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 568 t (2024) -94%

Value 568 t (2024)

Change since 2003 -94.0%

Export of ammonium sulphate 14.4 kt (2024) +2886580%

Value 14.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2886580.0%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 3.27 M$ (2024) +2969427%

Value 3.27 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2969427.3%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 9.7 kt (2024) -48%

Value 9.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -48.1%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 2.37 M$ (2024) +122%

Value 2.37 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +122.1%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 13.1 kt (2024) +124%

Value 13.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2012 +123.7%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 127 kt (2024) -8%

Value 127 kt (2024)

Change since 2005 -7.8%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 77.3 kt (2024) -17%

Value 77.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -16.8%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 21.8 M$ (2024) +108%

Value 21.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +108.2%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 78.7 kt (2024) +641%

Value 78.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +640.9%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 23.5 M$ (2024) +1870%

Value 23.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1869.8%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 58.5 kt (2024) -75%

Value 58.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2005 -75.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 106 kt N (2023) -21%

Value 106 kt N (2023)

Change since 1992 -20.8%

Agricultural use of fertilizers n.e.c. 27.7 kt (2015) -78%

Value 27.7 kt (2015)

Change since 2014 -77.8%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 143 t (2024) +2%

Value 143 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +2.1%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 566 k$ (2024) +662%

Value 566 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +661.6%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 7.51 kt (2024) +1040%

Value 7.51 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1039.9%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 6.74 M$ (2024) +997%

Value 6.74 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +996.6%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 0 t (2024) —

Value 0 t (2024)

Change since 2023 —

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 110 kt (2024) -62%

Value 110 kt (2024)

Change since 2003 -61.6%

Export of NPK fertilizers 53.5 kt (2024) -75%

Value 53.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -74.9%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 53.5 M$ (2024) -75%

Value 53.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -74.9%

Import of NPK fertilizers 113 kt (2024) +508%

Value 113 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +507.9%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 56 M$ (2024) +1319%

Value 56 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1319.2%

Production of NPK fertilizers 129 kt (2024) -68%

Value 129 kt (2024)

Change since 2003 -67.8%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 14.6 kt (2024) +32935%

Value 14.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +32934.9%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 5.71 M$ (2024) +56879%

Value 5.71 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +56879.4%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 6.83 kt (2024) +257%

Value 6.83 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +256.8%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 3.51 M$ (2024) +942%

Value 3.51 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +941.7%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers single year 0 t (2023) —

Agriculture use of urea 80.4 kt (2024) -13%

Value 80.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2005 -13.4%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 577 t (2024) -91%

Value 577 t (2024)

Change since 2003 -90.7%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 4.63 kt (2024) +5773%

Value 4.63 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +5772.9%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.46 M$ (2024) +13062%

Value 1.46 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +13061.7%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 468 k$ (2024) -46%

Value 468 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 -46.0%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 5.27 kt (2024) -2%

Value 5.27 kt (2024)

Change since 2005 -2.4%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.27 kt (2024) -80%

Value 1.27 kt (2024)

Change since 2003 -79.5%

Export of urea 60.7 kt (2024) -65%

Value 60.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -65.0%

Export value of urea 24.5 M$ (2024) +29%

Value 24.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +28.7%

Import of urea 65.2 kt (2024) +154%

Value 65.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +154.4%

Import value of urea 29.4 M$ (2024) +816%

Value 29.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +816.0%

Production of urea 88.9 kt (2024) -76%

Value 88.9 kt (2024)

Change since 2005 -76.1%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 33.8 kt (2023) -36%

Value 33.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -36.4%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 6.48 kt (2023) -34%

Value 6.48 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -33.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 6.84 kg/ha (2023) -7%

Value 6.84 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -7.3%

N lost from croplands through leaching 13,846 kg/ha and ton (2023) -37%

Value 13,846 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1992 -37.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 14.6 kg/ha (2023) -12%

Value 14.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -12.2%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 35.7 kg/ha (2023) -11%

Value 35.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -11.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 68.9 kt (2023) +48%

Value 68.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +48.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 10.7 kt (2023) -9%

Value 10.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -8.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 72.8 kg/ha (2023) +107%

Value 72.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +107.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 11.3 kg/ha (2023) +27%

Value 11.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +27.5%

Nitrogen use efficiency 50.3 % (2014) +64%

Value 50.3 % (2014)

Change since 1992 +63.6%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 8.19 mg/L (2021) +338%

Value 8.19 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2008 +337.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 841 kt CO₂e (2024) -49%

Value 841 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -48.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 17.5 Mt CO₂e (2021) +398%

Value 17.5 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +398.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 11.8 Mt CO₂e (2021) +933%

Value 11.8 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 +932.6%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 26.1 kt (2020) -38%

Value 26.1 kt (2020)

Change since 1990 -37.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 1,020 Gt CO₂e (2023) -40%

Value 1,020 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -40.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 262 t CO₂e/person (2023) -26%

Value 262 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -26.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0552 t (2023) +168%

Value 0.0552 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +168.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0003 t (2017) -85%

Value 0.0003 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -85.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.251 t (2023) +23%

Value 0.251 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +22.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0 t (2017) -100%

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -100.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.006 t (2023) -25%

Value 0.006 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -25.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0044 t (2023) -84%

Value 0.0044 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -84.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0009 t (2023) -18%

Value 0.0009 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -18.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0 t (2017) -100%

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -100.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0433 t (2023) +287%

Value 0.0433 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +286.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.164 t (2023) +25%

Value 0.164 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +24.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0188 t (2023) -27%

Value 0.0188 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.4%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2018 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0048 t (2023) +2%

Value 0.0048 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +2.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0124 t (2023) +170%

Value 0.0124 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +169.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0001 t (2017) -75%

Value 0.0001 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -75.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0565 t (2023) +23%

Value 0.0565 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +22.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0 t (2017) —

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1992 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0013 t (2023) -28%

Value 0.0013 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.001 t (2023) -84%

Value 0.001 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -84.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0002 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0 t (2017) —

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1992 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0097 t (2023) +288%

Value 0.0097 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +288.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.037 t (2023) +25%

Value 0.037 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +25.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 67.6 t (2023) +167%

Value 67.6 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +167.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.4 t (2017) -83%

Value 0.4 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -83.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 307 t (2023) +23%

Value 307 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +22.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0 t (2017) -100%

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 7.3 t (2023) -26%

Value 7.3 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -25.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 5.4 t (2023) -84%

Value 5.4 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -84.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 1.1 t (2023) -15%

Value 1.1 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -15.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0 t (2017) -100%

Value 0 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 53.1 t (2023) +288%

Value 53.1 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +287.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 201 t (2023) +25%

Value 201 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +24.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 2.1 kt (2023) +27%

Value 2.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +27.3%

N content from crop residues, for barley 3.51 kt (2023) +167%

Value 3.51 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +167.3%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 18.3 t (2017) -85%

Value 18.3 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -85.5%

N content from crop residues, for maize 16 kt (2023) +23%

Value 16 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +22.7%

N content from crop residues, for millet 2.02 t (2017) -76%

Value 2.02 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -76.1%

N content from crop residues, for oats 2.02 t (2017) -76%

Value 2.02 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -76.1%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 281 t (2023) -84%

Value 281 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -84.2%

N content from crop residues, for rye 56.4 t (2023) -17%

Value 56.4 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -16.8%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 1.18 t (2017) -80%

Value 1.18 t (2017)

Change since 1992 -80.1%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 2.76 kt (2023) +288%

Value 2.76 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +287.9%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 10.5 kt (2023) +25%

Value 10.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +24.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 2.21 kg/ha (2023) +78%

Value 2.21 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +78.1%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 2.21 Mt CO₂e (2024) -23%

Value 2.21 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -23.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -29.7 % change (2024) -105%

Value -29.7 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -104.6%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 31.6 kt (2020) -37%

Value 31.6 kt (2020)

Change since 1990 -37.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.47 Gt CO₂e (2023) -43%

Value 1.47 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -43.0%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 47.7 t (2023) -54%

Value 47.7 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -54.2%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 23.1 t (2023) -57%

Value 23.1 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -57.4%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 2,124 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1789%

Value 2,124 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1789.1%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.0724 % (2024) -8%

Value 0.0724 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -7.5%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.0194 mg/L (2021) -66%

Value 0.0194 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2000 -66.1%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.089 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 107 kt CO₂e (2024) +328%

Value 107 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +327.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 900 t CO₂e (2024) -71%

Value 900 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -71.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 6.8 kt CO₂e (2024) -48%

Value 6.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -47.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 1.06 Mt CO₂e (2024) -4%

Value 1.06 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -4.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 17.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +617%

Value 17.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +616.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 81.5 kt CO₂e (2024) +269%

Value 81.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +268.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 89.7 kt CO₂e (2024) +106%

Value 89.7 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +105.7%

Population (total) 3.88 M (2025) -6%

Value 3.88 M (2025)

Change since 1960 -6.4%

GDP (current US$) 105 B$ (2025) +310%

Value 105 B$ (2025)

Change since 1990 +309.6%

GDP per capita (current US$) 27.1 k$ (2025) +405%

Value 27.1 k$ (2025)

Change since 1990 +404.8%

Cropland area (% of land area) 1.41 % of land area (2023) -30%

Value 1.41 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1992 -30.2%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 34 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2.83 % of GDP (2025) -50%

Value 2.83 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1995 -49.9%

Cropland area (hectares) 947,000 ha (2023) -29%

Value 947,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -28.5%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations