Comoros

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year -39.7 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year -2.67 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year -0.004 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 1.38 kt (2023) +340%

Value 1.38 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +340.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 11.7 kg/ha (2023) +198%

Value 11.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +198.4%

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.09 kg/person (2023) -57%

Value 0.09 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1994 -57.1%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 4.03 kg/ha (2023) +162%

Value 4.03 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1991 +162.0%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 0 t (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 0 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 0.9 kg/ha (2023) -10%

Value 0.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1991 -10.0%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

N fertilizer imports 106 t (2023) —

Value 106 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer exports 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 0.12 kg/ person (2023) —

Value 0.12 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 106 t (2023) +6%

Value 106 t (2023)

Change since 1991 +6.0%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 0.8 kg/ha (2023) —

Value 0.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 0.898 kg/ha (2023) -28%

Value 0.898 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -28.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 166 t (2023) +96%

Value 166 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +95.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 1.4 kg/ha (2023) +33%

Value 1.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +32.8%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 0.87 g per $ (2023) —

Value 0.87 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Import of ammonium nitrate 625 t (2024) +12400%

Value 625 t (2024)

Change since 2018 +12400.0%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 25 k$ (2024) +199%

Value 25 k$ (2024)

Change since 2018 +199.0%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 115 t (2024) +18154%

Value 115 t (2024)

Change since 2007 +18154.0%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 39.1 k$ (2024) +16913%

Value 39.1 k$ (2024)

Change since 2007 +16913.0%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0.02 t (2017) -75%

Value 0.02 t (2017)

Change since 2006 -75.0%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 240 $ (2017) +2300%

Value 240 $ (2017)

Change since 2006 +2300.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 106 t N (2023) +6%

Value 106 t N (2023)

Change since 1961 +6.0%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 186 t (2024) +310267%

Value 186 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +310266.7%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 48.3 k$ (2024) +3018%

Value 48.3 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +3018.1%

Import of NPK fertilizers 464 t (2024) +563%

Value 464 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +562.9%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 323 k$ (2024) +1159%

Value 323 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1159.3%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0.02 t (2024) -100%

Value 0.02 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.9%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.26 k$ (2024) -84%

Value 1.26 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -84.1%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 10.4 k$ (2016) —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 27.5 t (2016) —

Import of urea 0.4 t (2022) -90%

Value 0.4 t (2022)

Change since 2017 -90.0%

Import value of urea 590 $ (2022) -52%

Value 590 $ (2022)

Change since 2017 -51.6%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 81.6 t (2023) +222%

Value 81.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +221.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 728 t (2023) +184%

Value 728 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +184.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 6.17 kg/ha (2023) +93%

Value 6.17 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +92.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching 43.8 kg/ha and ton (2023) +159%

Value 43.8 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +158.8%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 0.371 kg/ha (2023) +75%

Value 0.371 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +75.5%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 0.691 kg/ha (2023) +118%

Value 0.691 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +118.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 2.56 kt (2023) +99%

Value 2.56 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 565 t (2023) +129%

Value 565 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +128.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 21.7 kg/ha (2023) +35%

Value 21.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +35.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 4.79 kg/ha (2023) +55%

Value 4.79 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +55.0%

Nitrogen use efficiency 72.6 % (2014) +24%

Value 72.6 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +24.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 29.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +3%

Value 29.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +3.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 40 Gt CO₂e (2023) +0%

Value 40 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +0.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 47 t CO₂e/person (2023) -48%

Value 47 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -47.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0031 t (2023) +675%

Value 0.0031 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +675.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0001 t (2023) —

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0008 t (2023) +300%

Value 0.0008 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +300.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0007 t (2023) +600%

Value 0.0007 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +600.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 3.7 t (2023) +640%

Value 3.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +640.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 0.2 t (2023) —

Value 0.2 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 49.3 t (2023) -22%

Value 49.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -22.2%

N content from crop residues, for maize 194 t (2023) +635%

Value 194 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +635.2%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 8.58 t (2023) +928%

Value 8.58 t (2023)

Change since 1990 +928.4%

N content from crop residues, for rice 1.5 t (2023) -99%

Value 1.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -99.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.418 kg/ha (2023) -47%

Value 0.418 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -47.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 64.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +104%

Value 64.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +103.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 84.5 % change (2024) +14800%

Value 84.5 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +14800.0%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 68.1 Gt CO₂e (2024) +3243%

Value 68.1 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +3243.0%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.00232 % (2024) +64%

Value 0.00232 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +63.7%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year -0.004 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 6.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +600%

Value 6.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +600.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 1.8 kt CO₂e (2024) —

Value 1.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 200 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 200 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 11.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +1867%

Value 11.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1866.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 200 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 200 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 3.8 kt CO₂e (2024) —

Value 3.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 10.4 kt CO₂e (2024) +940%

Value 10.4 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +940.0%

Population (total) 883 k (2025) +347%

Value 883 k (2025)

Change since 1960 +346.6%

GDP (current US$) 1.81 B$ (2025) +646%

Value 1.81 B$ (2025)

Change since 1980 +645.7%

GDP per capita (current US$) 2.06 k$ (2025) +185%

Value 2.06 k$ (2025)

Change since 1980 +185.3%

Cropland area (% of land area) 28.5 % of land area (2023) +253%

Value 28.5 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +253.3%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 1 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 36.6 % of GDP (2025) +25%

Value 36.6 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1980 +24.5%

Cropland area (hectares) 118,000 ha (2023) +48%

Value 118,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.5%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations