Chad

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 5.6 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 11.7 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.016 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 84.5 kt (2023) +365%

Value 84.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +365.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 15.8 kg/ha (2023) +153%

Value 15.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +152.9%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 18.8 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.57 kg/person (2023) +850%

Value 0.57 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1971 +850.0%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 6.53 kg/ha (2023) +10957%

Value 6.53 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +10956.7%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 24.8 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 11.8 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 3.17 kg/ha (2023) +7825%

Value 3.17 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +7825.0%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2015 —

N fertilizer imports 627 t (2023) +398%

Value 627 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +397.6%

N fertilizer exports 2 t (2023) —

Value 2 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 0.79 kg/ person (2023) +1875%

Value 0.79 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +1875.0%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 15.2 kt (2023) +11999%

Value 15.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +11999.2%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 2.86 kg/ha (2023) +7050%

Value 2.86 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +7050.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 3.17 kg/ha (2023) +7205%

Value 3.17 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +7204.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 69 kt (2023) +984%

Value 69 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +984.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 12.9 kg/ha (2023) +489%

Value 12.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +489.0%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 2.29 g per $ (2023) +1247%

Value 2.29 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +1247.1%

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 0.53 t (2019) —

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 5.21 k$ (2019) —

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 4.76 t (2023) +27%

Value 4.76 t (2023)

Change since 2005 +26.6%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 39.8 k$ (2023) +162%

Value 39.8 k$ (2023)

Change since 2005 +161.6%

Import of ammonium nitrate 353 t (2024) +364%

Value 353 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +363.9%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 197 k$ (2024) +417%

Value 197 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +417.3%

Export of ammonium sulphate single year 4 kt (2020) —

Export value of ammonium sulphate single year 499 k$ (2020) —

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 12.5 t (2024) -99%

Value 12.5 t (2024)

Change since 2004 -98.6%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 55.6 k$ (2024) -33%

Value 55.6 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 -33.3%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 0.04 t (2015) —

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 440 $ (2015) —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 16.9 kt N (2023) +13329%

Value 16.9 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +13329.4%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 0 t (2020) —

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 40 $ (2020) —

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 200 t (2024) +376%

Value 200 t (2024)

Change since 2004 +376.0%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 56.5 k$ (2024) -24%

Value 56.5 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 -23.6%

Import of NPK fertilizers 1.7 kt (2024) +16865%

Value 1.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +16865.0%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 480 k$ (2024) +18419%

Value 480 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +18418.5%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers single year 0.02 t (2009) —

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers single year 70 $ (2009) —

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0.12 t (2024) -94%

Value 0.12 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -93.7%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 170 $ (2024) -91%

Value 170 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 -91.5%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 2.48 kt (2013) —

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 719 k$ (2013) —

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 13.3 k$ (2023) +44%

Value 13.3 k$ (2023)

Change since 2007 +44.4%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 29 t (2023) +16%

Value 29 t (2023)

Change since 2007 +16.0%

Export of urea 0 t (2016) -100%

Value 0 t (2016)

Change since 2010 -100.0%

Export value of urea 210 $ (2016) -100%

Value 210 $ (2016)

Change since 2010 -100.0%

Import of urea 712 t (2023) +95%

Value 712 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +95.1%

Import value of urea 782 k$ (2023) +1997%

Value 782 k$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +1997.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 25.8 kt (2023) +1224%

Value 25.8 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1223.6%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 39 kt (2023) +91%

Value 39 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +91.4%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 7.31 kg/ha (2023) +4%

Value 7.31 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +4.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching 15,497 kg/ha and ton (2023) +1105%

Value 15,497 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +1105.0%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 2.9 kg/ha (2023) +555%

Value 2.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +554.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 4.83 kg/ha (2023) +619%

Value 4.83 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +619.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 94.5 kt (2023) +293%

Value 94.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +293.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 17.2 kt (2023) +235%

Value 17.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +235.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 17.7 kg/ha (2023) +114%

Value 17.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +113.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 3.21 kg/ha (2023) +82%

Value 3.21 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +82.1%

Nitrogen use efficiency 87.6 % (2014) +25%

Value 87.6 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +24.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 21.8 Mt CO₂e (2024) +1003%

Value 21.8 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1003.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 28,210 Gt CO₂e (2023) +334%

Value 28,210 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +334.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 1,460 t CO₂e/person (2023) +34%

Value 1,460 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 +34.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0382 t (2023) +148%

Value 0.0382 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +148.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0628 t (2023) +3825%

Value 0.0628 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +3825.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.128 t (2023) +100%

Value 0.128 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0018 t (2023) +125%

Value 0.0018 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +125.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0799 t (2023) +750%

Value 0.0799 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +750.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.274 t (2023) +83%

Value 0.274 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +83.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0003 t (2023) -25%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -25.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0224 t (2023) +3633%

Value 0.0224 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +3633.3%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0002 t (2023) —

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0068 t (2023) +750%

Value 0.0068 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +750.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0086 t (2023) +146%

Value 0.0086 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +145.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0141 t (2023) +3425%

Value 0.0141 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +3425.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0289 t (2023) +101%

Value 0.0289 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0004 t (2023) +100%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.018 t (2023) +757%

Value 0.018 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +757.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0617 t (2023) +84%

Value 0.0617 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +83.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0001 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 46.8 t (2023) +148%

Value 46.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +147.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 76.9 t (2023) +3745%

Value 76.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +3745.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 157 t (2023) +100%

Value 157 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 2.2 t (2023) +120%

Value 2.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +120.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 97.9 t (2023) +751%

Value 97.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +751.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 336 t (2023) +83%

Value 336 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +83.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.4 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.4 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 2.49 kt (2023) +20%

Value 2.49 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +19.8%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 2.43 kt (2023) +148%

Value 2.43 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +148.0%

N content from crop residues, for maize 3.99 kt (2023) +3778%

Value 3.99 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +3778.4%

N content from crop residues, for millet 8.16 kt (2023) +100%

Value 8.16 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.9%

N content from crop residues, for oats 8.16 kt (2023) +100%

Value 8.16 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.9%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 114 t (2023) +117%

Value 114 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +116.6%

N content from crop residues, for rice 5.09 kt (2023) +750%

Value 5.09 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +750.1%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 17.4 kt (2023) +83%

Value 17.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +83.3%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 19.2 t (2023) -16%

Value 19.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -15.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.467 kg/ha (2023) -35%

Value 0.467 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -34.9%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 22.5 Mt CO₂e (2024) +980%

Value 22.5 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +979.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 727 % change (2024) +1110%

Value 727 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +1109.9%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 30,764 Gt CO₂e (2024) +12465%

Value 30,764 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +12464.7%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 1.05 % (2024) +515%

Value 1.05 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +515.2%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.016 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 123 kt CO₂e (2024) +175%

Value 123 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +174.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 20.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +3960%

Value 20.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +3960.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 2 kt CO₂e (2024) +43%

Value 2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +42.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 328 kt CO₂e (2024) +1221%

Value 328 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1221.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 900 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 900 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 18.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +18800%

Value 18.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +18800.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 228 kt CO₂e (2024) +496%

Value 228 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +496.3%

Population (total) 21 M (2025) +589%

Value 21 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +588.7%

GDP (current US$) 21.5 B$ (2025) +6748%

Value 21.5 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +6747.6%

GDP per capita (current US$) 1.02 k$ (2025) +894%

Value 1.02 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +894.3%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.0296 % of land area (2023) +1144%

Value 0.0296 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +1144.1%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 3 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 36.3 % of GDP (2025) -9%

Value 36.3 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1960 -8.5%

Cropland area (hectares) 5,337,300 ha (2023) +84%

Value 5,337,300 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +84.0%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations