Central African Rep.

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 51.8 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 40.1 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.053 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 39.1 kt (2023) +467%

Value 39.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +466.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 14.6 kg/ha (2023) +268%

Value 14.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +267.6%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year -94.5 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0 kg/person (2023) -100%

Value 0 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2002 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 0.0439 kg/ha (2023) -76%

Value 0.0439 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -76.0%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 43.4 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 56.1 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 0.03 kg/ha (2023) -67%

Value 0.03 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.7%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

N fertilizer imports 79 t (2023) -49%

Value 79 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.0%

N fertilizer exports 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 0.02 kg/ person (2023) -78%

Value 0.02 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 -77.8%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 79 t (2023) -49%

Value 79 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.0%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 0.03 kg/ha (2023) -67%

Value 0.03 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 0.0295 kg/ha (2023) -67%

Value 0.0295 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -66.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 22.1 kt (2023) +2534%

Value 22.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2534.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 8.24 kg/ha (2023) +1609%

Value 8.24 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1608.9%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 0.03 g per $ (2023) -92%

Value 0.03 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 -92.5%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 0.213 t (2020) +7%

Value 0.213 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +6.7%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 8.38 t (2005) —

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 6.88 k$ (2005) —

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 10.5 t (2021) +2738%

Value 10.5 t (2021)

Change since 2002 +2737.8%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 26 k$ (2021) +1853%

Value 26 k$ (2021)

Change since 2002 +1852.6%

Import of ammonium nitrate 236 t (2023) +509%

Value 236 t (2023)

Change since 2020 +509.3%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 954 k$ (2023) +2709%

Value 954 k$ (2023)

Change since 2020 +2708.6%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2013 —

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0.75 t (2022) -97%

Value 0.75 t (2022)

Change since 2015 -96.8%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 5.44 k$ (2022) -81%

Value 5.44 k$ (2022)

Change since 2015 -80.8%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2013 —

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2013 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 79 t N (2023) -49%

Value 79 t N (2023)

Change since 1961 -49.0%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 243 t (2024) +3953%

Value 243 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +3953.3%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 113 k$ (2024) +7845%

Value 113 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +7845.1%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers single year 390 t (2011) —

Import of NPK fertilizers 88.2 t (2021) -32%

Value 88.2 t (2021)

Change since 2015 -32.1%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 411 k$ (2021) +567%

Value 411 k$ (2021)

Change since 2015 +567.2%

Production of NPK fertilizers 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2011 —

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0.03 t (2021) -99%

Value 0.03 t (2021)

Change since 2002 -98.7%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.14 k$ (2021) -85%

Value 1.14 k$ (2021)

Change since 2002 -84.6%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2013 —

Import of urea 42 t (2024) -92%

Value 42 t (2024)

Change since 2005 -92.1%

Import value of urea 28.3 k$ (2024) -89%

Value 28.3 k$ (2024)

Change since 2005 -88.7%

Production of urea 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2013 —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 6.65 kt (2023) +2131%

Value 6.65 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2131.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 19.3 kt (2023) +41%

Value 19.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +40.9%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 7.2 kg/ha (2023) -9%

Value 7.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -8.6%

N lost from croplands through leaching 4,424 kg/ha and ton (2023) +2315%

Value 4,424 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +2315.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 1.65 kg/ha (2023) +1467%

Value 1.65 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1466.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 2.48 kg/ha (2023) +1348%

Value 2.48 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1347.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 49 kt (2023) +496%

Value 49 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +495.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 8.19 kt (2023) +570%

Value 8.19 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +570.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 18.3 kg/ha (2023) +287%

Value 18.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +286.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 3.06 kg/ha (2023) +335%

Value 3.06 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +334.9%

Nitrogen use efficiency 41.1 % (2014) -48%

Value 41.1 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -48.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 2.7 Mt CO₂e (2024) +757%

Value 2.7 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +757.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 6,130 Gt CO₂e (2023) -11%

Value 6,130 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -11.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 1,190 t CO₂e/person (2023) -51%

Value 1,190 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -50.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0442 t (2023) +356%

Value 0.0442 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +355.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0019 t (2023) +73%

Value 0.0019 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +72.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0005 t (2023) —

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0179 t (2023) +1179%

Value 0.0179 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1178.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0053 t (2023) -55%

Value 0.0053 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -54.7%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0193 t (2023) +264%

Value 0.0193 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +264.2%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0009 t (2023) +350%

Value 0.0009 t (2023)

Change since 1988 +350.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0015 t (2023) +1400%

Value 0.0015 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1400.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0099 t (2023) +350%

Value 0.0099 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +350.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0004 t (2023) +33%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +33.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0001 t (2023) —

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.004 t (2023) +1233%

Value 0.004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1233.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0012 t (2023) -54%

Value 0.0012 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -53.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 54.1 t (2023) +358%

Value 54.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +358.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 2.3 t (2023) +64%

Value 2.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +64.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 0.6 t (2023) —

Value 0.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 22 t (2023) +1194%

Value 22 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1194.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 6.5 t (2023) -55%

Value 6.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -54.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 545 t (2023) +13%

Value 545 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +13.4%

N content from crop residues, for maize 2.81 kt (2023) +357%

Value 2.81 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +357.1%

N content from crop residues, for millet 120 t (2023) +67%

Value 120 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +67.2%

N content from crop residues, for oats 120 t (2023) +67%

Value 120 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +67.2%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 28.9 t (2023) +1152%

Value 28.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1151.5%

N content from crop residues, for rice 1.14 kt (2023) +1166%

Value 1.14 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1166.1%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 339 t (2023) -54%

Value 339 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -54.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.203 kg/ha (2023) -26%

Value 0.203 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -26.4%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 4.38 Mt CO₂e (2024) +1096%

Value 4.38 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1096.4%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 7.51 % change (2024) +71%

Value 7.51 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +71.3%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 10,010 Gt CO₂e (2024) +4897%

Value 10,010 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +4897.5%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.341 % (2024) +145%

Value 0.341 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +144.7%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.053 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 86.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +231%

Value 86.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +231.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 8 kt CO₂e (2024) +7900%

Value 8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +7900.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 700 t CO₂e (2024) +17%

Value 700 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +16.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 1.53 Mt CO₂e (2024) +11287%

Value 1.53 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +11286.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 300 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 300 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 2.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +2700%

Value 2.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +2700.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 56.7 kt CO₂e (2024) +402%

Value 56.7 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +401.8%

Population (total) 5.51 M (2025) +224%

Value 5.51 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +223.9%

GDP (current US$) 3.07 B$ (2025) +2634%

Value 3.07 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +2633.8%

GDP per capita (current US$) 556 $ (2025) +744%

Value 556 $ (2025)

Change since 1960 +744.1%

Cropland area (% of land area) 1.41 % of land area (2023) +1415%

Value 1.41 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +1415.2%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 2 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 27.6 % of GDP (2025) -28%

Value 27.6 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 2009 -28.0%

Cropland area (hectares) 2,678,800 ha (2023) +54%

Value 2,678,800 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +54.1%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations