Burundi

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 4.24 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 4.78 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.006 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 54.4 kt (2023) +290%

Value 54.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +290.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 32.6 kg/ha (2023) +111%

Value 32.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +111.4%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year -4.32 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.27 kg/person (2023) —

Value 0.27 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1969 —

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2002 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 39 kg/ha (2023) +29233%

Value 39 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1966 +29233.3%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 9.67 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 8.58 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 4.12 kg/ha (2023) +4020%

Value 4.12 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1966 +4020.0%

Total N fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

N fertilizer imports 17 kt (2023) +16893%

Value 17 kt (2023)

Change since 1966 +16893.0%

N fertilizer exports 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 0.5 kg/ person (2023) —

Value 0.5 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 6.89 kt (2023) +6788%

Value 6.89 kt (2023)

Change since 1966 +6788.0%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 4.63 kg/ha (2023) —

Value 4.63 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 4.12 kg/ha (2023) +3630%

Value 4.12 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +3630.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 24.5 kt (2023) +2519%

Value 24.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2518.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 14.7 kg/ha (2023) +1318%

Value 14.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1318.2%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 3.09 g per $ (2023) —

Value 3.09 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 6.89 t (2020) +359%

Value 6.89 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +359.2%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 7.11 t (2023) +100%

Value 7.11 t (2023)

Change since 2004 +99.7%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 4.7 k$ (2023) -51%

Value 4.7 k$ (2023)

Change since 2004 -50.9%

Import of ammonium nitrate 0.03 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.03 t (2023)

Change since 2007 +0.0%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 20 $ (2023) -97%

Value 20 $ (2023)

Change since 2007 -97.0%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2009 —

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate single year 100 t (2005) —

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0.52 t (2023) -99%

Value 0.52 t (2023)

Change since 2005 -99.5%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 150 $ (2023) -99%

Value 150 $ (2023)

Change since 2005 -99.3%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2009 —

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 9.35 t (2023) +61%

Value 9.35 t (2023)

Change since 2009 +60.9%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 3.36 k$ (2023) +118%

Value 3.36 k$ (2023)

Change since 2009 +118.2%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2009 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 6.89 kt N (2023) +6788%

Value 6.89 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +6788.0%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 0.63 t (2023) —

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. single year 1.6 k$ (2023) —

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.14 kt (2023) +22783%

Value 2.14 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +22782.5%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 4.28 M$ (2023) +30265%

Value 4.28 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +30265.2%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 1.08 kt (2016) -55%

Value 1.08 kt (2016)

Change since 2006 -54.6%

Export of NPK fertilizers single year 25.8 t (2008) —

Export value of NPK fertilizers single year 25.8 k$ (2008) —

Import of NPK fertilizers 70 t (2023) -97%

Value 70 t (2023)

Change since 2002 -96.6%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 69.5 k$ (2023) -90%

Value 69.5 k$ (2023)

Change since 2002 -90.2%

Production of NPK fertilizers 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2004 —

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 141 t (2023) +2721%

Value 141 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +2721.0%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 179 k$ (2023) +653%

Value 179 k$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +653.0%

Agriculture use of urea 8.42 kt (2016) +1818%

Value 8.42 kt (2016)

Change since 2002 +1817.5%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 1.94 kt (2006) —

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 68.5 k$ (2014) -76%

Value 68.5 k$ (2014)

Change since 2006 -76.2%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2009 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 106 t (2014) -95%

Value 106 t (2014)

Change since 2006 -94.5%

Import of urea 25.2 kt (2023) +2864%

Value 25.2 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +2864.3%

Import value of urea 11.9 M$ (2023) +5587%

Value 11.9 M$ (2023)

Change since 2002 +5587.2%

Production of urea 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2009 —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 9.42 kt (2023) +3254%

Value 9.42 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +3254.2%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 10.1 kt (2023) +250%

Value 10.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +249.6%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 6.06 kg/ha (2023) +89%

Value 6.06 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +89.3%

N lost from croplands through leaching 5,594 kg/ha and ton (2023) +2886%

Value 5,594 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +2886.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 3.35 kg/ha (2023) +1517%

Value 3.35 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1517.0%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 5.64 kg/ha (2023) +1716%

Value 5.64 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1716.1%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 69.5 kt (2023) +268%

Value 69.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +268.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 9.22 kt (2023) +276%

Value 9.22 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +276.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 41.6 kg/ha (2023) +99%

Value 41.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 5.52 kg/ha (2023) +104%

Value 5.52 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +103.8%

Nitrogen use efficiency 103 % (2014) -8%

Value 103 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -8.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 1.19 Mt CO₂e (2024) +154%

Value 1.19 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +153.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 1,570 Gt CO₂e (2023) +191%

Value 1,570 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +190.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 115 t CO₂e/person (2023) +19%

Value 115 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 +18.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.239 t (2023) +455%

Value 0.239 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +454.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0993 t (2023) +461%

Value 0.0993 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +461.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0021 t (2023) +40%

Value 0.0021 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +40.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0208 t (2023) +571%

Value 0.0208 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +571.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.113 t (2023) +18800%

Value 0.113 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +18800.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0153 t (2023) +183%

Value 0.0153 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +183.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0012 t (2023) +500%

Value 0.0012 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +500.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0021 t (2023) +62%

Value 0.0021 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +61.5%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0324 t (2023) +370%

Value 0.0324 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +369.6%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0002 t (2023) —

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0081 t (2023) —

Value 0.0081 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0003 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0538 t (2023) +455%

Value 0.0538 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +454.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0223 t (2023) +458%

Value 0.0223 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +457.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0005 t (2023) +67%

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +66.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0047 t (2023) +571%

Value 0.0047 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +571.4%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0255 t (2023) +25400%

Value 0.0255 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +25400.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0035 t (2023) +192%

Value 0.0035 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +191.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0003 t (2023) +200%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +200.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0005 t (2023) +67%

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +66.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 293 t (2023) +455%

Value 293 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +454.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 122 t (2023) +460%

Value 122 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +460.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 2.5 t (2023) +32%

Value 2.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +31.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 25.5 t (2023) +554%

Value 25.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +553.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 139 t (2023) +19743%

Value 139 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +19742.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 18.8 t (2023) +185%

Value 18.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +184.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 1.5 t (2023) +400%

Value 1.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +400.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 2.6 t (2023) +62%

Value 2.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +62.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 2.95 kt (2023) +238%

Value 2.95 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +238.0%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 15.2 kt (2023) +455%

Value 15.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +455.2%

N content from crop residues, for maize 6.32 kt (2023) +461%

Value 6.32 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +460.9%

N content from crop residues, for millet 131 t (2023) +35%

Value 131 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +35.5%

N content from crop residues, for oats 131 t (2023) +35%

Value 131 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +35.5%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 1.33 kt (2023) +562%

Value 1.33 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +561.8%

N content from crop residues, for rice 7.21 kt (2023) +18661%

Value 7.21 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +18660.5%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 976 t (2023) +183%

Value 976 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +182.8%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 78.8 t (2023) +449%

Value 78.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +448.8%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 135 t (2023) +66%

Value 135 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +65.7%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 1.77 kg/ha (2023) +83%

Value 1.77 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +83.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.46 Mt CO₂e (2024) +151%

Value 1.46 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +151.5%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 130 % change (2024) +45811%

Value 130 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +45811.1%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 1,678 Gt CO₂e (2024) +4576%

Value 1,678 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +4575.8%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.0572 % (2024) +129%

Value 0.0572 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +128.9%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.006 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 85.4 kt CO₂e (2024) +58%

Value 85.4 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +58.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 13 kt CO₂e (2024) +3150%

Value 13 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +3150.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 900 t CO₂e (2024) -31%

Value 900 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -30.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 81.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +186%

Value 81.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +186.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 500 t CO₂e (2024) —

Value 500 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 7.2 kt CO₂e (2024) —

Value 7.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 91.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +195%

Value 91.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +194.8%

Population (total) 14.4 M (2025) +421%

Value 14.4 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +420.6%

GDP (current US$) 3.36 B$ (2025) +1617%

Value 3.36 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +1616.7%

GDP per capita (current US$) 234 $ (2025) +230%

Value 234 $ (2025)

Change since 1960 +229.8%

Cropland area (% of land area) 13.6 % of land area (2023) +52%

Value 13.6 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +52.2%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 9 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 34.3 % of GDP (2025) -48%

Value 34.3 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1970 -47.5%

Cropland area (hectares) 1,671,207 ha (2023) +85%

Value 1,671,207 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +84.7%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations