Bulgaria

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 31.4 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 101 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.134 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 2.48 kt (2023) -73%

Value 2.48 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -73.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 0.683 kg/ha (2023) -66%

Value 0.683 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -65.9%

N balance in agroecosystems 145 kt (2019) -80%

Value 145 kt (2019)

Change since 1988 -80.5%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 3.93 kg/person (2023) +261%

Value 3.93 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +260.6%

Nitrogen applied from organic fertilizers (excluding livestock manure) 638 t (2014) —

Value 638 t (2014)

Change since 2000 —

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 352 kt (2019) -35%

Value 352 kt (2019)

Change since 1988 -34.9%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 43.4 kt (2019) -60%

Value 43.4 kt (2019)

Change since 1988 -59.8%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 5.8 kt (2019) -89%

Value 5.8 kt (2019)

Change since 1988 -88.5%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 640 t (2020) +59%

Value 640 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +58.5%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2003 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 128 kg/ha (2023) +280%

Value 128 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +279.5%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 201 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 62.7 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 94.1 kg/ha (2023) +494%

Value 94.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +493.6%

Total N fertilizer production 541 kt (2023) +516%

Value 541 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +516.3%

N fertilizer imports 209 kt (2023) +2481%

Value 209 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2480.5%

N fertilizer exports 213 kt (2023) +841%

Value 213 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +841.0%

N fertilizer use per capita 50.1 kg/ person (2023) +444%

Value 50.1 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +443.9%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 341 kt (2023) +365%

Value 341 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +365.4%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 94.1 kg/ha (2023) +494%

Value 94.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +493.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 99 kg/ha (2023) +525%

Value 99 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +524.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 31 kt (2023) -76%

Value 31 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -76.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 8.55 kg/ha (2023) -70%

Value 8.55 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -69.7%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 70.4 g per $ (2023) +384%

Value 70.4 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +384.3%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 364 t (2020) +151%

Value 364 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +151.4%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 56.5 kt (2024) +266%

Value 56.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +265.8%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 32.6 M$ (2024) +1235%

Value 32.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1234.8%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 316 kt (2024) +6661%

Value 316 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +6661.4%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 150 M$ (2024) +26188%

Value 150 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +26187.8%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 161 kt (2009) +461%

Value 161 kt (2009)

Change since 2003 +461.3%

Export of ammonium nitrate 528 kt (2024) +236%

Value 528 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +235.8%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 171 M$ (2024) +931%

Value 171 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +930.6%

Import of ammonium nitrate 54.4 kt (2024) +47%

Value 54.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +47.3%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 19.9 M$ (2024) +444%

Value 19.9 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +444.2%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 11.7 kt (2011) +2005%

Value 11.7 kt (2011)

Change since 2004 +2005.0%

Export of ammonium sulphate 2.07 kt (2024) -68%

Value 2.07 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -67.8%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 557 k$ (2024) +115%

Value 557 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +114.9%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 11.1 kt (2024) +2584%

Value 11.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2584.2%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 2.89 M$ (2024) +3943%

Value 2.89 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +3943.1%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2013 —

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 18 kt (2011) +368%

Value 18 kt (2011)

Change since 2008 +368.2%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 390 t (2024) +1595%

Value 390 t (2024)

Change since 2004 +1595.2%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 120 k$ (2024) +1990%

Value 120 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +1989.9%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 78.7 kt (2024) +925%

Value 78.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +925.1%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 23 M$ (2024) +2859%

Value 23 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2858.6%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2013 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 359 kt N (2023) +390%

Value 359 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +390.0%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.08 kt (2024) +4540%

Value 1.08 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +4540.3%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 4.27 M$ (2024) +39218%

Value 4.27 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +39218.4%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 6.65 kt (2024) +4799%

Value 6.65 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +4799.0%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 8.49 M$ (2024) +8843%

Value 8.49 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +8843.1%

Production of fertilizers n.e.c. 324 t (2023) -38%

Value 324 t (2023)

Change since 2018 -38.0%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 70.2 kt (2011) +95%

Value 70.2 kt (2011)

Change since 2008 +95.0%

Export of NPK fertilizers 60.6 kt (2024) +31458%

Value 60.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +31457.7%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 60.6 M$ (2024) +31458%

Value 60.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +31457.7%

Import of NPK fertilizers 94.2 kt (2024) +1756%

Value 94.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1756.2%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 45.6 M$ (2024) +2324%

Value 45.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2323.5%

Production of NPK fertilizers single year 0 t (2006) —

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 12.5 kt (2024) +1086%

Value 12.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1086.5%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 5.4 M$ (2024) +2845%

Value 5.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2845.2%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 36.2 kt (2024) +5196%

Value 36.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +5196.3%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 13.3 M$ (2024) +10365%

Value 13.3 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +10364.7%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers single year 1.27 kt (2013) —

Agriculture use of urea 90.8 kt (2023) +141%

Value 90.8 kt (2023)

Change since 2003 +141.2%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 389 t (2009) —

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 52.5 kt (2024) +22%

Value 52.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +22.0%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 16 M$ (2024) +443%

Value 16 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +442.6%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.5 M$ (2024) +133026%

Value 1.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +133025.7%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 5.97 kt (2024) +596409%

Value 5.97 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +596409.0%

Export of urea 41.1 kt (2024) +283%

Value 41.1 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +283.1%

Export value of urea 17 M$ (2024) +1295%

Value 17 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1295.2%

Import of urea 297 kt (2024) +462%

Value 297 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +462.0%

Import value of urea 108 M$ (2024) +1666%

Value 108 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1666.3%

Production of urea 12.5 kt (2023) +2169%

Value 12.5 kt (2023)

Change since 2013 +2168.5%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 112 kt (2023) +83%

Value 112 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +82.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 30.2 kt (2023) -41%

Value 30.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -41.3%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 8.33 kg/ha (2023) -25%

Value 8.33 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -25.1%

N lost from croplands through leaching 40,278 kg/ha and ton (2023) +21%

Value 40,278 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +20.7%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 11.1 kg/ha (2023) +54%

Value 11.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +53.9%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 30.8 kg/ha (2023) +133%

Value 30.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +133.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 246 kt (2023) +129%

Value 246 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +128.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 51.9 kt (2023) +137%

Value 51.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +136.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 68 kg/ha (2023) +191%

Value 68 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +191.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 14.3 kg/ha (2023) +202%

Value 14.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +201.7%

Nitrogen use efficiency 57.5 % (2014) +1%

Value 57.5 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +0.7%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 29.3 mg/L (2021) +26%

Value 29.3 mg/L (2021)

Change since 2000 +25.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 3.26 Mt CO₂e (2024) -22%

Value 3.26 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -22.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 71.9 Mt CO₂e (2021) +316%

Value 71.9 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1988 +316.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 94.5 Mt CO₂e (2021) +84%

Value 94.5 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1988 +83.6%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 38.3 kt (2021) -64%

Value 38.3 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -64.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 3,160 Gt CO₂e (2023) -41%

Value 3,160 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -41.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 465 t CO₂e/person (2023) -24%

Value 465 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -24.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.146 t (2023) +14%

Value 0.146 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +13.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0005 t (2017) -98%

Value 0.0005 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.322 t (2023) +54%

Value 0.322 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +54.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0008 t (2017) +167%

Value 0.0008 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +166.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0056 t (2023) -88%

Value 0.0056 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -87.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0042 t (2023) -80%

Value 0.0042 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -79.9%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0112 t (2023) +47%

Value 0.0112 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0028 t (2023) -83%

Value 0.0028 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -83.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0015 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0015 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0015 t (2023) +200%

Value 0.0015 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +200.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.34 t (2023) +193%

Value 1.34 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +193.2%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0374 t (2023) -16%

Value 0.0374 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -15.8%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.0004 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0004 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0342 t (2023) -8%

Value 0.0342 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -7.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0328 t (2023) +14%

Value 0.0328 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +13.9%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0001 t (2017) -99%

Value 0.0001 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0725 t (2023) +54%

Value 0.0725 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +54.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0002 t (2017) +100%

Value 0.0002 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0013 t (2023) -87%

Value 0.0013 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -87.4%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.001 t (2023) -79%

Value 0.001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -78.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0025 t (2023) +47%

Value 0.0025 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0006 t (2023) -84%

Value 0.0006 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -83.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0003 t (2023) +0%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0003 t (2023) +200%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +200.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.301 t (2023) +193%

Value 0.301 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +193.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 179 t (2023) +14%

Value 179 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +13.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.6 t (2017) -99%

Value 0.6 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 395 t (2023) +54%

Value 395 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +54.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 1 t (2017) +150%

Value 1 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +150.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 6.8 t (2023) -88%

Value 6.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -87.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 5.2 t (2023) -80%

Value 5.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -79.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 13.7 t (2023) +47%

Value 13.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 3.4 t (2023) -83%

Value 3.4 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -83.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 1.9 t (2023) +6%

Value 1.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +5.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 1.9 t (2023) +171%

Value 1.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +171.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.64 kt (2023) +193%

Value 1.64 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +193.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 6.89 kt (2023) -18%

Value 6.89 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 -18.0%

N content from crop residues, for barley 9.28 kt (2023) +14%

Value 9.28 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +13.8%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 33.3 t (2017) -98%

Value 33.3 t (2017)

Change since 1961 -98.4%

N content from crop residues, for maize 20.5 kt (2023) +54%

Value 20.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +54.2%

N content from crop residues, for millet 51.1 t (2017) +170%

Value 51.1 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +170.4%

N content from crop residues, for oats 51.1 t (2017) +170%

Value 51.1 t (2017)

Change since 1961 +170.4%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 269 t (2023) -80%

Value 269 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -79.7%

N content from crop residues, for rice 711 t (2023) +48%

Value 711 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +47.8%

N content from crop residues, for rye 178 t (2023) -83%

Value 178 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -83.2%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 98.4 t (2023) +5%

Value 98.4 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +4.7%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 96.1 t (2023) +177%

Value 96.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +177.0%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 85.1 kt (2023) +193%

Value 85.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +193.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 1.9 kg/ha (2023) +5%

Value 1.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +4.6%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 3.81 Mt CO₂e (2024) -44%

Value 3.81 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -44.4%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) -42.8 % change (2024) -203%

Value -42.8 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 -203.0%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 43 kt (2021) -62%

Value 43 kt (2021)

Change since 1990 -62.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 4.34 Gt CO₂e (2023) -51%

Value 4.34 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1988 -51.5%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 82.1 t (2023) -73%

Value 82.1 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -72.5%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 61.2 t (2023) -59%

Value 61.2 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -58.7%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 4,010 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1389%

Value 4,010 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1388.8%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.137 % (2024) -27%

Value 0.137 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -27.1%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.21 mg/L (2021) +214%

Value 0.21 mg/L (2021)

Change since 1992 +214.0%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.134 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 73.4 kt CO₂e (2024) +3%

Value 73.4 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +2.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 1 kt CO₂e (2024) -60%

Value 1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -60.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 17.2 kt CO₂e (2024) -47%

Value 17.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -47.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 201 kt CO₂e (2024) -91%

Value 201 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -91.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 63.9 kt CO₂e (2024) -5%

Value 63.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -5.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 86.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +127%

Value 86.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +127.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 111 kt CO₂e (2024) -16%

Value 111 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -15.8%

Population (total) 6.43 M (2025) -18%

Value 6.43 M (2025)

Change since 1960 -18.2%

GDP (current US$) 131 B$ (2025) +553%

Value 131 B$ (2025)

Change since 1980 +552.6%

GDP per capita (current US$) 20.3 k$ (2025) +799%

Value 20.3 k$ (2025)

Change since 1980 +798.9%

Cropland area (% of land area) 1.25 % of land area (2023) -62%

Value 1.25 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 -62.2%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 21 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2.47 % of GDP (2025) -83%

Value 2.47 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1980 -82.8%

Cropland area (hectares) 3,622,580 ha (2023) -22%

Value 3,622,580 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -21.6%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations