Bosnia and Herz.

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 15.3 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 9.75 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.013 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 3.35 kt (2023) +125%

Value 3.35 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +124.9%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 7.55 kg/ha (2023) +406%

Value 7.55 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +406.4%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 3.93 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 2.72 kg/person (2023) +101%

Value 2.72 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1995 +101.5%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 30.5 t (2020) -31%

Value 30.5 t (2020)

Change since 2009 -31.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2011 -100.0%

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 108 kg/ha (2023) +514%

Value 108 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1995 +514.3%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 26.2 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 41.3 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 55.1 kg/ha (2023) +975%

Value 55.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1995 +974.9%

Total N fertilizer production 22.5 kt (2022) -49%

Value 22.5 kt (2022)

Change since 2009 -49.2%

N fertilizer imports 26.2 kt (2023) —

Value 26.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 —

N fertilizer exports 1.75 kt (2023) —

Value 1.75 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 —

N fertilizer use per capita 7.69 kg/ person (2023) —

Value 7.69 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1992 —

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 24.5 kt (2023) +390%

Value 24.5 kt (2023)

Change since 1995 +389.6%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 55.1 kg/ha (2023) —

Value 55.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 48.6 kg/ha (2023) +873%

Value 48.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +872.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 22.1 kt (2023) -33%

Value 22.1 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -32.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 49.7 kg/ha (2023) +51%

Value 49.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +51.3%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 16.7 g per $ (2023) +340%

Value 16.7 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1996 +339.8%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 69.5 t (2020) +150%

Value 69.5 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +149.8%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 6.2 kt (2002) —

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) single year 796 k$ (2002) —

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 2.75 kt (2024) -79%

Value 2.75 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -79.0%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 2.05 M$ (2024) -17%

Value 2.05 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -16.8%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 12.4 kt (2011) +252%

Value 12.4 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +252.4%

Export of ammonium nitrate 5.78 t (2023) -88%

Value 5.78 t (2023)

Change since 2004 -88.4%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 7.55 k$ (2023) -4%

Value 7.55 k$ (2023)

Change since 2004 -4.1%

Import of ammonium nitrate 5.36 kt (2024) +17%

Value 5.36 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +17.5%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 2.1 M$ (2024) +128%

Value 2.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +127.6%

Production of ammonium nitrate single year 4.49 kt (2016) —

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 21.3 kt (2011) +68532%

Value 21.3 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +68532.3%

Export of ammonium sulphate 3.5 kt (2024) +330%

Value 3.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2004 +329.5%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 585 k$ (2024) +1144%

Value 585 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +1143.9%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 124 t (2024) +713%

Value 124 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +713.1%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 37.6 k$ (2024) +1215%

Value 37.6 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1215.0%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 68 kt (2014) +68%

Value 68 kt (2014)

Change since 2011 +67.7%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 212 kt (2011) +2538%

Value 212 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +2537.5%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0.9 t (2024) -100%

Value 0.9 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 470 $ (2024) -100%

Value 470 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.8%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 48.2 kt (2024) +30%

Value 48.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +30.1%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 14.8 M$ (2024) +199%

Value 14.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +199.4%

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 115 kt (2020) -32%

Value 115 kt (2020)

Change since 2002 -32.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 21.6 kt N (2023) +332%

Value 21.6 kt N (2023)

Change since 1992 +331.8%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 12.8 t (2024) +118%

Value 12.8 t (2024)

Change since 2004 +118.2%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 16.3 k$ (2024) +69%

Value 16.3 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +69.3%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 751 t (2024) +68%

Value 751 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +67.9%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.12 M$ (2024) +271%

Value 1.12 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +271.3%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 59.1 kt (2011) +152%

Value 59.1 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +151.6%

Export of NPK fertilizers 132 t (2024) +313%

Value 132 t (2024)

Change since 2003 +312.7%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 132 k$ (2024) +313%

Value 132 k$ (2024)

Change since 2003 +312.7%

Import of NPK fertilizers 47.6 kt (2024) -65%

Value 47.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -64.6%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 23.8 M$ (2024) -2%

Value 23.8 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -2.4%

Production of NPK fertilizers 1.94 kt (2020) +128%

Value 1.94 kt (2020)

Change since 2011 +128.0%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 15.8 t (2024) +52567%

Value 15.8 t (2024)

Change since 2005 +52566.7%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 11.9 k$ (2024) +119400%

Value 11.9 k$ (2024)

Change since 2005 +119400.0%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.81 kt (2024) +344%

Value 1.81 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +344.1%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 861 k$ (2024) +645%

Value 861 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +644.7%

Production of other nitrogenous fertilizers single year 1.4 kt (2016) —

Agriculture use of urea 24.3 kt (2011) +181%

Value 24.3 kt (2011)

Change since 2003 +180.8%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 1 t (2005) —

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 7.65 k$ (2024) -2%

Value 7.65 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 -1.5%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 7.59 t (2024) -3%

Value 7.59 t (2024)

Change since 2004 -2.6%

Export of urea 1.62 kt (2024) +14921%

Value 1.62 kt (2024)

Change since 2004 +14920.8%

Export value of urea 554 k$ (2024) +22494%

Value 554 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +22493.9%

Import of urea 21 kt (2024) -29%

Value 21 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -29.1%

Import value of urea 9.85 M$ (2024) +122%

Value 9.85 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +121.6%

Production of urea single year 459 t (2020) —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 14 kt (2023) +42%

Value 14 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +41.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 9.02 kt (2023) +4%

Value 9.02 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +4.4%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 20.3 kg/ha (2023) +135%

Value 20.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +135.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching 6,862 kg/ha and ton (2023) +4%

Value 6,862 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1992 +4.4%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 15.5 kg/ha (2023) +135%

Value 15.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +135.2%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 31.5 kg/ha (2023) +219%

Value 31.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +219.2%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 26.2 kt (2023) +11%

Value 26.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +10.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 2.07 kt (2023) -68%

Value 2.07 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -68.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 59 kg/ha (2023) +150%

Value 59 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +149.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 4.66 kg/ha (2023) -29%

Value 4.66 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -28.6%

Nitrogen use efficiency 19.2 % (2014) -80%

Value 19.2 % (2014)

Change since 1992 -80.0%

Nitrate concentration in freshwater 0.543 mg/L (2013) -91%

Value 0.543 mg/L (2013)

Change since 2005 -90.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 442 kt CO₂e (2024) -31%

Value 442 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -31.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 570 Gt CO₂e (2023) -19%

Value 570 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 -18.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 179 t CO₂e/person (2023) +14%

Value 179 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 +13.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0143 t (2023) +22%

Value 0.0143 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +22.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0014 t (2023) -48%

Value 0.0014 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -48.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0884 t (2023) +5%

Value 0.0884 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +5.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0058 t (2023) -28%

Value 0.0058 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0142 t (2023) -23%

Value 0.0142 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -22.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0011 t (2023) -27%

Value 0.0011 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -26.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0062 t (2023) +170%

Value 0.0062 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +169.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0452 t (2023) -34%

Value 0.0452 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -34.2%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.007 t (2023) -37%

Value 0.007 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -36.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0015 t (2023) -46%

Value 0.0015 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -46.4%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0032 t (2023) +23%

Value 0.0032 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +23.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0003 t (2023) -50%

Value 0.0003 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -50.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0199 t (2023) +5%

Value 0.0199 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +4.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0013 t (2023) -28%

Value 0.0013 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0032 t (2023) -22%

Value 0.0032 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -22.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0002 t (2023) -33%

Value 0.0002 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -33.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0014 t (2023) +180%

Value 0.0014 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +180.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0102 t (2023) -34%

Value 0.0102 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -34.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 17.6 t (2023) +23%

Value 17.6 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +23.1%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 1.8 t (2023) -45%

Value 1.8 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -45.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 108 t (2023) +5%

Value 108 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +4.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 7.1 t (2023) -28%

Value 7.1 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 17.4 t (2023) -23%

Value 17.4 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -23.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 1.3 t (2023) -32%

Value 1.3 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -31.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 7.6 t (2023) +171%

Value 7.6 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +171.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 55.4 t (2023) -34%

Value 55.4 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -34.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 574 t (2023) -29%

Value 574 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -29.4%

N content from crop residues, for barley 913 t (2023) +23%

Value 913 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +23.0%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 92.1 t (2023) -46%

Value 92.1 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -45.8%

N content from crop residues, for maize 5.63 kt (2023) +5%

Value 5.63 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 +4.9%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 905 t (2023) -23%

Value 905 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -22.9%

N content from crop residues, for rye 69.6 t (2023) -28%

Value 69.6 t (2023)

Change since 1992 -27.7%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 395 t (2023) +173%

Value 395 t (2023)

Change since 1992 +173.1%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 2.88 kt (2023) -34%

Value 2.88 kt (2023)

Change since 1992 -34.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 1.29 kg/ha (2023) +59%

Value 1.29 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1992 +59.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 1.15 Mt CO₂e (2024) +32%

Value 1.15 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +31.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 17.2 % change (2024) +754%

Value 17.2 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +754.1%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 50.5 t (2023) -30%

Value 50.5 t (2023)

Change since 1990 -29.6%

Total man-made ammonia (NH₃) emissions 25.2 t (2022) +6%

Value 25.2 t (2022)

Change since 1990 +5.8%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 1,465 Gt CO₂e (2024) +2166%

Value 1,465 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +2166.2%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.0499 % (2024) +11%

Value 0.0499 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +11.0%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

Ammonium concentration in freshwater 0.0214 mg/L (2013) -79%

Value 0.0214 mg/L (2013)

Change since 2002 -79.3%

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.013 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 81.7 kt CO₂e (2024) +240%

Value 81.7 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +240.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 1 kt CO₂e (2024) —

Value 1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 3 kt CO₂e (2024) -77%

Value 3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 -76.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 91.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +22%

Value 91.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +21.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 343 kt CO₂e (2024) +3300%

Value 343 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +3300.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 28.2 kt CO₂e (2024) +200%

Value 28.2 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +200.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 154 kt CO₂e (2024) +62%

Value 154 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +62.0%

Population (total) 3.14 M (2025) -4%

Value 3.14 M (2025)

Change since 1960 -4.3%

GDP (current US$) 32.6 B$ (2025) +320%

Value 32.6 B$ (2025)

Change since 1990 +320.5%

GDP per capita (current US$) 10.4 k$ (2025) +496%

Value 10.4 k$ (2025)

Change since 1990 +495.7%

Cropland area (% of land area) 1.45 % of land area (2023) -51%

Value 1.45 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1992 -50.7%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 39 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 4.36 % of GDP (2025) -88%

Value 4.36 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1994 -87.9%

Cropland area (hectares) 444,000 ha (2023) -56%

Value 444,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1992 -55.6%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations