Bolivia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 0.73 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 1.67 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.002 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 301 kt (2023) +13729%

Value 301 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +13728.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 51.8 kg/ha (2023) +3329%

Value 51.8 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +3329.1%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year -62.1 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.36 kg/person (2023) +1100%

Value 0.36 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +1100.0%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2020) —

Value 0 t (2020)

Change since 2002 —

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 28.3 kt (2022) —

Value 28.3 kt (2022)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 8.55 kg/ha (2023) +1283%

Value 8.55 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1282.6%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 23.7 kt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 10.2 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 3.38 kg/ha (2023) +1308%

Value 3.38 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1308.3%

Total N fertilizer production 168 kt (2022) —

Value 168 kt (2022)

Change since 2002 —

N fertilizer imports 19.6 kt (2023) +5511%

Value 19.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +5511.4%

N fertilizer exports 107 kt (2023) —

Value 107 kt (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 1.6 kg/ person (2023) +1678%

Value 1.6 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +1677.8%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 19.6 kt (2023) +5511%

Value 19.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +5511.4%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 3.15 kg/ha (2023) +1213%

Value 3.15 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1212.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 3.38 kg/ha (2023) +1292%

Value 3.38 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1291.5%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 107 kt (2023) +783%

Value 107 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +783.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 18.4 kg/ha (2023) +119%

Value 18.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +119.0%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 2.55 g per $ (2023) +554%

Value 2.55 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +553.8%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 22.6 t (2020) +601%

Value 22.6 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +601.5%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 0.41 t (2007) +41%

Value 0.41 t (2007)

Change since 2006 +41.4%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 410 $ (2007) +58%

Value 410 $ (2007)

Change since 2006 +57.7%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 131 t (2024) +71%

Value 131 t (2024)

Change since 2006 +70.6%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 70 k$ (2024) +187%

Value 70 k$ (2024)

Change since 2006 +186.7%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 23.4 kt (2011) +239%

Value 23.4 kt (2011)

Change since 2002 +239.2%

Export of ammonium nitrate 336 t (2018) +258554%

Value 336 t (2018)

Change since 2005 +258553.8%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 177 k$ (2018) +70620%

Value 177 k$ (2018)

Change since 2005 +70620.0%

Import of ammonium nitrate 36.3 kt (2024) +258%

Value 36.3 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +258.4%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 16.6 M$ (2024) +797%

Value 16.6 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +797.1%

Production of ammonium nitrate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2011 —

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 6.4 kt (2011) +356%

Value 6.4 kt (2011)

Change since 2002 +355.7%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 5.81 kt (2024) +88%

Value 5.81 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +88.2%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 1.33 M$ (2024) +441%

Value 1.33 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +440.8%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2011 —

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 72 t (2008) —

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 100 t (2017) —

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 36.4 k$ (2017) —

Production of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2011 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 19.6 kt N (2023) +5511%

Value 19.6 kt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +5511.4%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.08 kt (2024) +274%

Value 2.08 kt (2024)

Change since 2009 +274.2%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 750 k$ (2024) +391%

Value 750 k$ (2024)

Change since 2009 +391.1%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 5.46 kt (2024) +41358%

Value 5.46 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +41357.7%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 12.2 M$ (2024) +55278%

Value 12.2 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +55277.6%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 20 kt (2011) +1264%

Value 20 kt (2011)

Change since 2002 +1263.8%

Export of NPK fertilizers single year 0.01 t (2014) —

Export value of NPK fertilizers single year 10 $ (2014) —

Import of NPK fertilizers 10.2 kt (2024) +473%

Value 10.2 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +473.3%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 8.74 M$ (2024) +1464%

Value 8.74 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +1463.9%

Production of NPK fertilizers 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2007 —

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 5.5 t (2023) —

Value 5.5 t (2023)

Change since 2003 —

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 149 k$ (2023) +1487700%

Value 149 k$ (2023)

Change since 2003 +1487700.0%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 4.42 kt (2024) +3404%

Value 4.42 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +3403.9%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 3.35 M$ (2024) +13181%

Value 3.35 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +13181.1%

Agriculture use of urea 115 kt (2023) +6496%

Value 115 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +6496.4%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 3 t (2011) +50%

Value 3 t (2011)

Change since 2006 +50.0%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 276 k$ (2024) +9635%

Value 276 k$ (2024)

Change since 2008 +9635.2%

Production of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 0 t (2014) —

Value 0 t (2014)

Change since 2011 —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 1.01 kt (2024) +13481%

Value 1.01 kt (2024)

Change since 2008 +13481.4%

Export of urea 505 kt (2024) +112%

Value 505 kt (2024)

Change since 2018 +111.7%

Export value of urea 128 M$ (2024) +90%

Value 128 M$ (2024)

Change since 2018 +90.4%

Import of urea 3.43 kt (2024) -44%

Value 3.43 kt (2024)

Change since 2006 -44.0%

Import value of urea 1.39 M$ (2024) -16%

Value 1.39 M$ (2024)

Change since 2006 -15.9%

Production of urea 347 kt (2023) —

Value 347 kt (2023)

Change since 2011 —

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 38 kt (2023) +916%

Value 38 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +915.8%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 24.4 kt (2023) +561%

Value 24.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +560.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 4.2 kg/ha (2023) +64%

Value 4.2 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +63.8%

N lost from croplands through leaching 23,395 kg/ha and ton (2023) +850%

Value 23,395 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +850.4%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 4.02 kg/ha (2023) +136%

Value 4.02 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +135.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 6.54 kg/ha (2023) +152%

Value 6.54 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +151.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 312 kt (2023) +2292%

Value 312 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2291.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 34.3 kt (2023) +703%

Value 34.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +702.9%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 53.6 kg/ha (2023) +493%

Value 53.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +493.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 5.89 kg/ha (2023) +99%

Value 5.89 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.1%

Nitrogen use efficiency 70.1 % (2014) +84%

Value 70.1 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +84.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 5.6 Mt CO₂e (2024) +270%

Value 5.6 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +269.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 9,160 Gt CO₂e (2023) +112%

Value 9,160 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +111.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 748 t CO₂e/person (2023) +23%

Value 748 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 +23.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0125 t (2023) -30%

Value 0.0125 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -29.8%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0191 t (2023) +2022%

Value 0.0191 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2022.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.178 t (2023) +305%

Value 0.178 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +304.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0045 t (2023) +246%

Value 0.0045 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +246.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0883 t (2023) +100%

Value 0.0883 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.147 t (2023) +1205%

Value 0.147 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1205.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0001 t (2023) —

Value 0.0001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.177 t (2023) +88450%

Value 0.177 t (2023)

Change since 1976 +88450.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.84 t (2023) +839700%

Value 0.84 t (2023)

Change since 1967 +839700.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0633 t (2023) +383%

Value 0.0633 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +383.2%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0329 t (2023) +127%

Value 0.0329 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +126.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.008 t (2023) +1233%

Value 0.008 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1233.3%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.008 t (2023) +789%

Value 0.008 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +788.9%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.006 t (2023) +173%

Value 0.006 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +172.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.0028 t (2023) -30%

Value 0.0028 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -30.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0043 t (2023) +2050%

Value 0.0043 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2050.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0401 t (2023) +305%

Value 0.0401 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +305.1%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.001 t (2023) +233%

Value 0.001 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +233.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0199 t (2023) +101%

Value 0.0199 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +101.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0332 t (2023) +1228%

Value 0.0332 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1228.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0399 t (2023) —

Value 0.0399 t (2023)

Change since 1976 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.189 t (2023) —

Value 0.189 t (2023)

Change since 1967 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0143 t (2023) +377%

Value 0.0143 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +376.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 15.4 t (2023) -29%

Value 15.4 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -29.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 23.4 t (2023) +2027%

Value 23.4 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2027.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 219 t (2023) +305%

Value 219 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +304.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 5.6 t (2023) +250%

Value 5.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +250.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 108 t (2023) +100%

Value 108 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 181 t (2023) +1200%

Value 181 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1200.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.1 t (2023) —

Value 0.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 217 t (2023) +108400%

Value 217 t (2023)

Change since 1976 +108400.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 1.03 kt (2023) +1028700%

Value 1.03 kt (2023)

Change since 1967 +1028700.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 77.6 t (2023) +382%

Value 77.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +382.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 13.9 kt (2023) +521%

Value 13.9 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +520.5%

N content from crop residues, for barley 798 t (2023) -30%

Value 798 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -29.6%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 1.22 kt (2023) +2117%

Value 1.22 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2117.2%

N content from crop residues, for maize 11.4 kt (2023) +305%

Value 11.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +305.0%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 5.62 kt (2023) +100%

Value 5.62 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.2%

N content from crop residues, for rice 9.39 kt (2023) +1204%

Value 9.39 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1204.4%

N content from crop residues, for rye 4.74 t (2023) +346%

Value 4.74 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +345.8%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 11.3 kt (2023) +111186%

Value 11.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1976 +111186.1%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 53.4 kt (2023) +847365%

Value 53.4 kt (2023)

Change since 1967 +847365.5%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 4.03 kt (2023) +382%

Value 4.03 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +381.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 2.39 kg/ha (2023) +54%

Value 2.39 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +53.9%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 8.77 Mt CO₂e (2024) +444%

Value 8.77 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +444.0%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 199 % change (2024) +1479%

Value 199 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +1478.6%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 10,450 Gt CO₂e (2024) +20659%

Value 10,450 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +20658.9%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.356 % (2024) +916%

Value 0.356 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +916.4%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.002 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 97.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +1139%

Value 97.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1139.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 4.5 kt CO₂e (2024) +36%

Value 4.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +36.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 41.8 kt CO₂e (2024) +646%

Value 41.8 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +646.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 2.65 Mt CO₂e (2024) +7334%

Value 2.65 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +7334.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 15.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +2550%

Value 15.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +2550.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 197 kt CO₂e (2024) +2117%

Value 197 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +2116.9%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 161 kt CO₂e (2024) +379%

Value 161 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +378.6%

Population (total) 12.6 M (2025) +240%

Value 12.6 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +239.8%

GDP (current US$) 64.8 B$ (2025) +17079%

Value 64.8 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +17079.2%

GDP per capita (current US$) 5.15 k$ (2025) +4955%

Value 5.15 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +4955.1%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.233 % of land area (2023) +71%

Value 0.233 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +70.8%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 10 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 8.83 % of GDP (2024) -55%

Value 8.83 % of GDP (2024)

Change since 1970 -54.8%

Cropland area (hectares) 5,815,399 ha (2023) +303%

Value 5,815,399 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +303.3%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations