Bangladesh

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 86.7 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 1.28 Mt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 1.71 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 357 kt (2023) +51%

Value 357 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +50.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 40.5 kg/ha (2023) +52%

Value 40.5 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +52.0%

Which countries overapplied nitrogen without gains in crop yields? single year 0 % (2020) —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 3.23 kg/person (2023) +32200%

Value 3.23 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +32200.0%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 380 t (2020) -65%

Value 380 t (2020)

Change since 2000 -65.5%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 392 kg/ha (2023) +14888%

Value 392 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +14887.5%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 1.78 Mt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 120 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 170 kg/ha (2023) +7471%

Value 170 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +7471.1%

Total N fertilizer production 380 kt (2023) +4790%

Value 380 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +4789.8%

N fertilizer imports 326 kt (2023) +3158%

Value 326 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +3158.4%

N fertilizer exports 1 t (2023) -100%

Value 1 t (2023)

Change since 1980 -100.0%

N fertilizer use per capita 8.74 kg/ person (2023) +2200%

Value 8.74 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +2200.0%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 1.5 Mt (2023) +7395%

Value 1.5 Mt (2023)

Change since 1961 +7394.7%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 170 kg/ha (2023) +7471%

Value 170 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +7471.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 169 kg/ha (2023) +7417%

Value 169 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +7417.3%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 274 kt (2023) +190%

Value 274 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +189.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 31.1 kg/ha (2023) +192%

Value 31.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +192.3%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 30.4 g per $ (2023) +1340%

Value 30.4 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +1339.8%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 1.36 kt (2020) +37%

Value 1.36 kt (2020)

Change since 2000 +36.8%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 37.6 kt (2024) +242%

Value 37.6 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +242.2%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 16.1 M$ (2024) +178%

Value 16.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +177.9%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 0.05 t (2024) -99%

Value 0.05 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.4%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 550 $ (2024) -55%

Value 550 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 -54.9%

Export of ammonium nitrate 5.33 t (2023) -100%

Value 5.33 t (2023)

Change since 2003 -99.8%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 3.09 k$ (2023) -99%

Value 3.09 k$ (2023)

Change since 2003 -99.3%

Import of ammonium nitrate 758 t (2024) +20967%

Value 758 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +20966.7%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 486 k$ (2024) +97166%

Value 486 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +97166.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 4.91 kt (2006) -30%

Value 4.91 kt (2006)

Change since 2003 -29.9%

Export of ammonium sulphate single year 4.5 kt (2003) —

Export value of ammonium sulphate single year 802 k$ (2003) —

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 14.8 kt (2024) +24%

Value 14.8 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +24.2%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 2.33 M$ (2024) +79%

Value 2.33 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +78.8%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 5 kt (2007) -29%

Value 5 kt (2007)

Change since 2003 -28.6%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 13.5 kt (2002) —

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate single year 1.48 M$ (2002) —

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 21 t (2017) +2900%

Value 21 t (2017)

Change since 2012 +2900.0%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 2.31 k$ (2017) +26%

Value 2.31 k$ (2017)

Change since 2012 +26.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 1.49 Mt N (2023) +7349%

Value 1.49 Mt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +7348.9%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 0.76 t (2024) -74%

Value 0.76 t (2024)

Change since 2004 -74.1%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 5.53 k$ (2024) +1318%

Value 5.53 k$ (2024)

Change since 2004 +1317.9%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.45 kt (2024) -47%

Value 1.45 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -46.7%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 1.48 M$ (2024) +601%

Value 1.48 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +601.4%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 29.5 kt (2023) -2%

Value 29.5 kt (2023)

Change since 2003 -1.6%

Export of NPK fertilizers 0.3 t (2023) +2900%

Value 0.3 t (2023)

Change since 2019 +2900.0%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 300 $ (2023) +2900%

Value 300 $ (2023)

Change since 2019 +2900.0%

Import of NPK fertilizers 384 t (2024) -92%

Value 384 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -92.3%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 403 k$ (2024) -22%

Value 403 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -21.5%

Production of NPK fertilizers 125 kt (2006) +119%

Value 125 kt (2006)

Change since 2004 +119.3%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 0.27 t (2024) -100%

Value 0.27 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.13 k$ (2024) -100%

Value 1.13 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.9%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 1.81 kt (2024) -77%

Value 1.81 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -76.9%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 506 k$ (2024) -72%

Value 506 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -71.8%

Agriculture use of urea 2.7 Mt (2024) +20%

Value 2.7 Mt (2024)

Change since 2002 +20.0%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 24.2 k$ (2013) +121050%

Value 24.2 k$ (2013)

Change since 2004 +121050.0%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 473 t (2013) +278171%

Value 473 t (2013)

Change since 2004 +278170.6%

Export of urea 284 t (2024) -100%

Value 284 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.8%

Export value of urea 54.8 k$ (2024) -100%

Value 54.8 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.9%

Import of urea 570 kt (2024) +103%

Value 570 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +102.7%

Import value of urea 207 M$ (2024) +495%

Value 207 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +494.8%

Production of urea 1.12 Mt (2024) -38%

Value 1.12 Mt (2024)

Change since 2002 -37.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 532 kt (2023) +1449%

Value 532 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1448.7%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 326 kt (2023) +223%

Value 326 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +223.2%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 37 kg/ha (2023) +226%

Value 37 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +226.2%

N lost from croplands through leaching 204,601 kg/ha and ton (2023) +879%

Value 204,601 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +879.5%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 23.3 kg/ha (2023) +888%

Value 23.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +888.5%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 60.4 kg/ha (2023) +1463%

Value 60.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1463.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 997 kt (2023) +336%

Value 997 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +335.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 285 kt (2023) +290%

Value 285 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +289.6%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 113 kg/ha (2023) +340%

Value 113 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +339.8%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 32.4 kg/ha (2023) +293%

Value 32.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +293.2%

Nitrogen use efficiency 28 % (2014) -7%

Value 28 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -7.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 17.9 Mt CO₂e (2024) +210%

Value 17.9 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +209.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 21,950 Gt CO₂e (2023) +83%

Value 21,950 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +83.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 128 t CO₂e/person (2023) +19%

Value 128 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 +19.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.017 t (2023) +40%

Value 0.017 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +40.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.571 t (2023) +40657%

Value 0.571 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +40657.1%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0023 t (2023) -71%

Value 0.0023 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -70.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.317 t (2023) +1217%

Value 0.317 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1217.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 10.6 t (2023) +147%

Value 10.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +147.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0256 t (2023) +161%

Value 0.0256 t (2023)

Change since 2005 +161.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.223 t (2023) +2276%

Value 0.223 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2275.5%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0348 t (2023) +5700%

Value 0.0348 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +5700.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.0032 t (2023) -37%

Value 0.0032 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -37.3%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.448 t (2023) +37%

Value 0.448 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +37.2%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.0089 t (2023) +456%

Value 0.0089 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +456.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0038 t (2023) +41%

Value 0.0038 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +40.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.128 t (2023) +42700%

Value 0.128 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +42700.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0005 t (2023) -72%

Value 0.0005 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -72.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0714 t (2023) +1222%

Value 0.0714 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1222.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 2.39 t (2023) +147%

Value 2.39 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +147.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0058 t (2023) +164%

Value 0.0058 t (2023)

Change since 2005 +163.6%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 0.0502 t (2023) +2290%

Value 0.0502 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2290.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.1 t (2023) -99%

Value 0.1 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -98.5%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 20.9 t (2023) +41%

Value 20.9 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +41.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 699 t (2023) +41018%

Value 699 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +41017.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 2.8 t (2023) -71%

Value 2.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -70.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 389 t (2023) +1218%

Value 389 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1218.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 13 kt (2023) +147%

Value 13 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +147.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -100.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 31.4 t (2023) +162%

Value 31.4 t (2023)

Change since 2005 +161.7%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 274 t (2023) +2258%

Value 274 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +2257.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 30.2 kt (2023) +34%

Value 30.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +33.9%

N content from crop residues, for barley 2.61 t (2023) -99%

Value 2.61 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -99.2%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 1.08 kt (2023) +41%

Value 1.08 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +41.4%

N content from crop residues, for maize 36.3 kt (2023) +39958%

Value 36.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +39958.1%

N content from crop residues, for millet 146 t (2023) -71%

Value 146 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -70.6%

N content from crop residues, for oats 146 t (2023) -71%

Value 146 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -70.6%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 20.2 kt (2023) +1217%

Value 20.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1217.2%

N content from crop residues, for rice 676 kt (2023) +147%

Value 676 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +147.0%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 0.903 t (2023) -94%

Value 0.903 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -94.1%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 1.63 kt (2023) +162%

Value 1.63 kt (2023)

Change since 2005 +161.7%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 14.2 kt (2023) +2268%

Value 14.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +2268.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 3.43 kg/ha (2023) +35%

Value 3.43 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +35.1%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 23.3 Mt CO₂e (2024) +219%

Value 23.3 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +218.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 97.4 % change (2024) +1664%

Value 97.4 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +1663.9%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 32,007 Gt CO₂e (2024) +1306%

Value 32,007 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +1305.6%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 1.09 % (2024) -31%

Value 1.09 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -31.2%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 1.71 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 1.58 Mt CO₂e (2024) +93%

Value 1.58 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +92.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 4.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +1950%

Value 4.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1950.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 47.4 kt CO₂e (2024) +174%

Value 47.4 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +174.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 995 kt CO₂e (2024) +431%

Value 995 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +431.3%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 91.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +11388%

Value 91.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +11387.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 685 kt CO₂e (2024) +13598%

Value 685 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +13598.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 2.03 Mt CO₂e (2024) +298%

Value 2.03 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +298.1%

Population (total) 176 M (2025) +239%

Value 176 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +239.0%

GDP (current US$) 456 B$ (2025) +10574%

Value 456 B$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +10574.4%

GDP per capita (current US$) 2.6 k$ (2025) +3049%

Value 2.6 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +3049.0%

Cropland area (% of land area) 7.07 % of land area (2023) +235%

Value 7.07 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +234.5%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 7 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 11.4 % of GDP (2025) -80%

Value 11.4 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1960 -80.1%

Cropland area (hectares) 8,799,000 ha (2023) -1%

Value 8,799,000 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -0.9%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations