Bahrain

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 221 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 703 t (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.001 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 0 kg/ha (2023) —

Value 0 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 —

N fertilizer consumption per capita 0.06 kg/person (2023) +200%

Value 0.06 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1972 +200.0%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 390 t (2020) +58%

Value 390 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +57.7%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 2002 —

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 46.7 kg/ha (2023) +419%

Value 46.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1972 +418.5%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 719 t (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 226 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 15.5 kg/ha (2022) +1447%

Value 15.5 kg/ha (2022)

Change since 1972 +1447.0%

Total N fertilizer production 308 kt (2022) +44%

Value 308 kt (2022)

Change since 1998 +43.9%

N fertilizer imports 271 t (2023) +4417%

Value 271 t (2023)

Change since 1972 +4416.7%

N fertilizer exports 266 kt (2023) —

Value 266 kt (2023)

Change since 1990 —

N fertilizer use per capita 0.04 kg/ person (2023) —

Value 0.04 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 63 t (2023) +950%

Value 63 t (2023)

Change since 1972 +950.0%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 15 kg/ha (2023) —

Value 15 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 15.4 kg/ha (2023) +1437%

Value 15.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1436.6%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 222 t (2023) +1242%

Value 222 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1242.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 54.3 kg/ha (2023) +1865%

Value 54.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1864.5%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 0.36 g per $ (2023) —

Value 0.36 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 1.78 t (2020) +1460%

Value 1.78 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +1460.3%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 7.74 kt (2024) +129492%

Value 7.74 kt (2024)

Change since 2005 +129492.5%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 8.62 M$ (2024) +181296%

Value 8.62 M$ (2024)

Change since 2005 +181295.8%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 39.8 t (2024) -53%

Value 39.8 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -52.7%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 138 k$ (2024) +142%

Value 138 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +141.7%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 671 t (2010) -51%

Value 671 t (2010)

Change since 2002 -51.4%

Import of ammonium nitrate 132 t (2020) -90%

Value 132 t (2020)

Change since 2002 -90.4%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 60.9 k$ (2020) -89%

Value 60.9 k$ (2020)

Change since 2002 -89.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 2 t (2021) -90%

Value 2 t (2021)

Change since 2002 -90.5%

Export of ammonium sulphate 16 t (2011) —

Value 16 t (2011)

Change since 2010 —

Export value of ammonium sulphate 3.66 k$ (2011) —

Value 3.66 k$ (2011)

Change since 2010 —

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 0 t (2024) -100%

Value 0 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 70 $ (2024) -99%

Value 70 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 -98.9%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 32 t (2023) +0%

Value 32 t (2023)

Change since 2021 +0.0%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 1.15 t (2005) +3733%

Value 1.15 t (2005)

Change since 2002 +3733.3%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 1.67 k$ (2005) +944%

Value 1.67 k$ (2005)

Change since 2002 +943.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 63 t N (2023) +950%

Value 63 t N (2023)

Change since 1961 +950.0%

Agricultural use of fertilizers n.e.c. 80 t (2023) -61%

Value 80 t (2023)

Change since 2021 -61.2%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 2.77 t (2019) +80%

Value 2.77 t (2019)

Change since 2010 +79.9%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 5.55 k$ (2019) -88%

Value 5.55 k$ (2019)

Change since 2010 -87.7%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 103 t (2024) -62%

Value 103 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -62.5%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 124 k$ (2024) -33%

Value 124 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -32.8%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 612 t (2023) +87%

Value 612 t (2023)

Change since 2002 +87.2%

Export of NPK fertilizers 0.01 t (2018) -89%

Value 0.01 t (2018)

Change since 2006 -88.9%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 10 $ (2018) -89%

Value 10 $ (2018)

Change since 2006 -88.9%

Import of NPK fertilizers 517 t (2024) +70%

Value 517 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +70.4%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 569 k$ (2024) +543%

Value 569 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +542.5%

Agricultural use of other nitrogenous fertilizers single year 50 t (2023) —

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 30.7 kt (2024) -68%

Value 30.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -68.1%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 9.72 M$ (2024) +7%

Value 9.72 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +6.7%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 272 t (2024) +134%

Value 272 t (2024)

Change since 2002 +133.7%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 276 k$ (2024) +172%

Value 276 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +172.2%

Agriculture use of urea 1 kt (2011) -97%

Value 1 kt (2011)

Change since 2002 -97.3%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 800 $ (2017) —

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions single year 0.45 t (2017) —

Export of urea 679 kt (2024) +7%

Value 679 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +7.1%

Export value of urea 268 M$ (2024) +296%

Value 268 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +296.3%

Import of urea 53.7 t (2024) -88%

Value 53.7 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -88.1%

Import value of urea 169 k$ (2024) +82%

Value 169 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +81.9%

Production of urea 751 kt (2023) +19%

Value 751 kt (2023)

Change since 2002 +19.0%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 66.7 t (2023) +1242%

Value 66.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +1242.4%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 76.3 t (2023) +162%

Value 76.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +162.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 18.6 kg/ha (2023) +283%

Value 18.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +283.3%

N lost from croplands through leaching 44.5 kg/ha and ton (2023) +1242%

Value 44.5 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +1242.4%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 10.9 kg/ha (2023) +1864%

Value 10.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1864.4%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 16.3 kg/ha (2023) +1864%

Value 16.3 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +1864.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 106 t (2023) +57%

Value 106 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +57.5%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 14.6 t (2023) +253%

Value 14.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +252.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 25.9 kg/ha (2023) +130%

Value 25.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +130.4%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 3.57 kg/ha (2023) +416%

Value 3.57 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +416.2%

Nitrogen use efficiency 8.78 % (2014) -88%

Value 8.78 % (2014)

Change since 1961 -87.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 11.9 kt CO₂e (2024) +261%

Value 11.9 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +260.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 20 Gt CO₂e (2023) +100%

Value 20 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +100.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 12.7 t CO₂e/person (2023) -34%

Value 12.7 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -34.4%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1976 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1976 —

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 0 t (2023) —

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1976 —

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 20.2 t (2023) +0%

Value 20.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +0.0%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 0.291 t (2023) +500%

Value 0.291 t (2023)

Change since 1976 +500.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 4.93 kg/ha (2023) +46%

Value 4.93 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +46.3%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 226 kt CO₂e (2024) +824%

Value 226 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +823.7%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 192 % change (2024) +148800%

Value 192 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +148800.0%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 214 Gt CO₂e (2024) +9663%

Value 214 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +9662.8%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 0.00727 % (2024) +378%

Value 0.00727 % (2024)

Change since 1850 +378.0%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.001 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 200 t CO₂e (2024) +100%

Value 200 t CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +100.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 2.6 kt CO₂e (2024) +86%

Value 2.6 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +85.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 1 kt CO₂e (2024) +400%

Value 1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +400.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 140 kt CO₂e (2024) +790%

Value 140 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +790.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 11.3 kt CO₂e (2024) +11200%

Value 11.3 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +11200.0%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 27.5 kt CO₂e (2024) +1428%

Value 27.5 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1427.8%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 32 kt CO₂e (2024) +1584%

Value 32 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +1584.2%

Population (total) 1.6 M (2025) +867%

Value 1.6 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +867.1%

GDP (current US$) 49 B$ (2025) +12405%

Value 49 B$ (2025)

Change since 1970 +12404.7%

GDP per capita (current US$) 30.6 k$ (2025) +1657%

Value 30.6 k$ (2025)

Change since 1970 +1656.6%

Cropland area (% of land area) 2.5 % of land area (2023) -57%

Value 2.5 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 -56.9%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 5 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 0.241 % of GDP (2025) -10%

Value 0.241 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 2006 -10.5%

Cropland area (hectares) 4,100 ha (2023) -32%

Value 4,100 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -31.7%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations