Australia

Indicators

Excess nitrogen per hectare of cropland single year 26.7 kg per hectare (2009) —

Excess nitrogen from croplands single year 628 kt (2009) —

Share of global excess nitrogen from croplands single year 0.836 % (2009) —

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation 374 kt (2023) +4538%

Value 374 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +4538.2%

Amount of N added to cropland through biological fixation, per hectare of cropland 11.9 kg/ha (2023) +2051%

Value 11.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +2051.1%

N balance in agroecosystems 6.51 Mt (2020) -30%

Value 6.51 Mt (2020)

Change since 1985 -30.0%

N fertilizer consumption per capita 9.82 kg/person (2023) +115%

Value 9.82 kg/person (2023)

Change since 1961 +115.4%

Nitrogen applied from inorganic fertilizers 1.41 Mt (2020) +314%

Value 1.41 Mt (2020)

Change since 1985 +314.0%

Nitrogen produced from cattle manure 1.74 Mt (2020) +3%

Value 1.74 Mt (2020)

Change since 1985 +3.1%

Nitrogen produced from pig manure 36.7 kt (2020) -12%

Value 36.7 kt (2020)

Change since 1985 -12.1%

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 423 t (2020) +11%

Value 423 t (2020)

Change since 2000 +10.5%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: http://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Nutrient nitrogen production," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Total nitrogen fertilizer production 0 t (2023) -100%

Value 0 t (2023)

Change since 1986 -100.0%

Nitrogen fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land 103 kg/ha (2023) +120%

Value 103 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +120.1%

Total nitrogen inputs to crops single year 1.32 Mt (2009) —

Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland single year 56.3 kg/ha (2009) —

Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland 61.7 kg/ha (2023) +2742%

Value 61.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +2742.4%

Total N fertilizer production 364 kt (2023) +1390%

Value 364 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1389.9%

N fertilizer imports 1.85 Mt (2023) +16761%

Value 1.85 Mt (2023)

Change since 1961 +16760.8%

N fertilizer exports 68.2 kt (2023) +16452%

Value 68.2 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +16451.9%

N fertilizer use per capita 81.7 kg/ person (2023) +2352%

Value 81.7 kg/ person (2023)

Change since 1961 +2352.0%

Agricultural use of N fertilizer 2.16 Mt (2023) +6068%

Value 2.16 Mt (2023)

Change since 1961 +6067.9%

N fertilizers use per area of cropland 61.4 kg/ha (2023) +2730%

Value 61.4 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +2730.4%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers, per hectare of cropland 58.7 kg/ha (2023) +2612%

Value 58.7 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +2612.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure 147 kt (2023) +76%

Value 147 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +76.0%

Amount of N added to cropland through animal manure, per hectare of cropland 4.67 kg/ha (2023) -18%

Value 4.67 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -18.4%

N fertilizer use per value of agricultural production 45.2 g per $ (2023) +1890%

Value 45.2 g per $ (2023)

Change since 1961 +1890.3%

Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen 1.34 kt (2020) +41%

Value 1.34 kt (2020)

Change since 2000 +40.7%

Definition (source: OECD): From the online data portal FAOSTAT maintained by the Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) : 'Nutrient nitrogen' is defined as total nitrogen (N) from all fertilizer products. The 'Fertilizers by Nutrient' domain contains information on agricultural use, production, and trade of chemical and mineral fertilizers, in tonnes of nutrient, for the three main plant nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O). The main data source for production and agricultural use is the FAOSTAT Fertilizers questionnaire, complemented with national publications when available. Agricultural use of fertilizers refers to the use for crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, excluding use for animal feed. Industrial uses are excluded, to the extent allowed by data availability. Tonnes of nutrient nitrogen are calculated using conversion factors applied to volumes of nitrogenous fertilizers. For more information, please see: https://fenixservices.fao.org/faostat/static/documents/RFN/RFN_EN_README.pdf

Citation: OECD (2024). "Agricultural use of nutrient nitrogen," Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD): Table 23 - Ecological sustainability, OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?lc=en&tm=nitrogen&pg=0&snb=15&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AFDD_STAT_ANNEX%40DF_TAB23&df[ag]=OECD.DEV.EMEA&df[vs]=1.0&dq=......A&pd=,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=ov

Agricultural use of ammonia (anhydrous) 35.4 kt (2017) -22%

Value 35.4 kt (2017)

Change since 2014 -22.2%

Export of ammonia (anhydrous) 321 kt (2024) +1553%

Value 321 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +1552.6%

Export value of ammonia (anhydrous) 110 M$ (2024) +117253%

Value 110 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +117253.1%

Import of ammonia (anhydrous) 49 kt (2024) +109%

Value 49 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +108.8%

Import value of ammonia (anhydrous) 22.2 M$ (2024) +687%

Value 22.2 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +687.0%

Agricultural use of ammonium nitrate 151 kt (2017) -57%

Value 151 kt (2017)

Change since 2004 -57.0%

Export of ammonium nitrate 22 kt (2024) -71%

Value 22 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -71.1%

Export value of ammonium nitrate 11.4 M$ (2024) -24%

Value 11.4 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -24.2%

Import of ammonium nitrate 159 kt (2024) +125%

Value 159 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +124.7%

Import value of ammonium nitrate 101 M$ (2024) +558%

Value 101 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +557.7%

Agricultural use of ammonium sulphate 146 kt (2017) -45%

Value 146 kt (2017)

Change since 2003 -45.1%

Export of ammonium sulphate 12.2 t (2024) -100%

Value 12.2 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -100.0%

Export value of ammonium sulphate 23 k$ (2024) -100%

Value 23 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.5%

Import of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 452 kt (2024) +2599%

Value 452 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +2599.2%

Import value of ammonium sulphate (1000 USD) 97.7 M$ (2024) +2920%

Value 97.7 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +2919.6%

Production of ammonium sulphate (Tonnes) 418 kt (2006) +24%

Value 418 kt (2006)

Change since 2003 +23.5%

Agricultural use of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 74 t (2009) -86%

Value 74 t (2009)

Change since 2002 -86.1%

Export of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 0.03 t (2024) -100%

Value 0.03 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.7%

Export value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 20 $ (2024) -100%

Value 20 $ (2024)

Change since 2002 -99.8%

Import of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 129 t (2024) -76%

Value 129 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -76.4%

Import value of calcium ammonium nitrate and other mixtures with calcium carbonate 132 k$ (2024) +26%

Value 132 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +25.8%

Amount of N added to cropland through synthetic fertilizers 1.84 Mt N (2023) +5747%

Value 1.84 Mt N (2023)

Change since 1961 +5747.5%

Export of fertilizers n.e.c. 12.4 kt (2024) +400%

Value 12.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +399.7%

Export value of fertilizers n.e.c. 28 M$ (2024) +912%

Value 28 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +912.3%

Import of fertilizers n.e.c. 87.7 kt (2024) +584%

Value 87.7 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +584.3%

Import value of fertilizers n.e.c. 76.1 M$ (2024) +813%

Value 76.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +812.9%

Agricultural use of NPK fertilizers 117 kt (2011) +185%

Value 117 kt (2011)

Change since 2009 +185.1%

Export of NPK fertilizers 1.5 kt (2024) -26%

Value 1.5 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -25.9%

Export value of NPK fertilizers 1.5 M$ (2024) -26%

Value 1.5 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -25.9%

Import of NPK fertilizers 145 kt (2024) +58%

Value 145 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +57.9%

Import value of NPK fertilizers 104 M$ (2024) +340%

Value 104 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +339.9%

Agricultural use of other nitrogenous fertilizers 288 kt (2017) -21%

Value 288 kt (2017)

Change since 2014 -20.5%

Export of other nitrogenous fertilizers 2.59 kt (2024) +283%

Value 2.59 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +283.5%

Export value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 10.1 M$ (2024) +652%

Value 10.1 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +652.3%

Import of other nitrogenous fertilizers 89.4 kt (2024) +33%

Value 89.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 +33.4%

Import value of other nitrogenous fertilizers 29.7 M$ (2024) +132%

Value 29.7 M$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +131.7%

Agriculture use of urea 1.68 Mt (2017) +45%

Value 1.68 Mt (2017)

Change since 2002 +44.6%

Agriculture use of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 129 kt (2017) +16%

Value 129 kt (2017)

Change since 2009 +16.2%

Export of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 23.2 t (2024) -84%

Value 23.2 t (2024)

Change since 2002 -83.6%

Export value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 17 k$ (2024) -38%

Value 17 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 -37.7%

Import value of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 135 M$ (2024) +3477969%

Value 135 M$ (2024)

Change since 2005 +3477968.9%

Import of urea and ammonium nitrate solutions 424 kt (2024) +18742353%

Value 424 kt (2024)

Change since 2005 +18742352.7%

Export of urea 1.4 kt (2024) -45%

Value 1.4 kt (2024)

Change since 2002 -45.4%

Export value of urea 888 k$ (2024) +63%

Value 888 k$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +63.4%

Import of urea 3.85 Mt (2024) +231%

Value 3.85 Mt (2024)

Change since 2002 +231.2%

Import value of urea 1.45 B$ (2024) +872%

Value 1.45 B$ (2024)

Change since 2002 +871.6%

Production of urea 286 kt (2006) +30%

Value 286 kt (2006)

Change since 2003 +30.5%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation 625 kt (2023) +1713%

Value 625 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +1713.4%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition 57.3 kt (2023) +112%

Value 57.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +112.0%

N added onto cropland from atmospheric deposition, per hectare of cropland 1.83 kg/ha (2023) -2%

Value 1.83 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -1.7%

N lost from croplands through leaching 222,858 kg/ha and ton (2023) +1025%

Value 222,858 kg/ha and ton (2023)

Change since 1961 +1024.9%

N lost from croplands through leaching, per hectare of cropland 7.1 kg/ha (2023) +422%

Value 7.1 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +421.7%

N lost from croplands through volatilisation, per hectare of cropland (kg/ha) 19.9 kg/ha (2023) +741%

Value 19.9 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +741.0%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting 1.96 Mt (2023) +747%

Value 1.96 Mt (2023)

Change since 1961 +746.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue 201 kt (2023) +842%

Value 201 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +842.3%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop harvesting, per hectare of cropland 62.6 kg/ha (2023) +293%

Value 62.6 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +292.7%

Amount of N removed from cropland through crop residue, per hectare of cropland 6.39 kg/ha (2023) +337%

Value 6.39 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +337.0%

Nitrogen use efficiency 62 % (2014) +28%

Value 62 % (2014)

Change since 1961 +28.2%

Share of monitoring sites located in agricultural areas that exceed recommended drinking water limits for nitrate, for ground water single year 3 % (2004) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from agriculture 38.6 Mt CO₂e (2024) +35%

Value 38.6 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +35.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from croplands 30.5 Mt CO₂e (2021) -80%

Value 30.5 Mt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 -79.5%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from forestlands 1.08 Gt CO₂e (2021) -11%

Value 1.08 Gt CO₂e (2021)

Change since 1990 -10.7%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from agriculture 66.7 kt (2021) +32%

Value 66.7 kt (2021)

Change since 2003 +32.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture 89,300 Gt CO₂e (2023) +37%

Value 89,300 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +37.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture per capita 3,376 t CO₂e/person (2023) -11%

Value 3,376 t CO₂e/person (2023)

Change since 1990 -11.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 2.58 t (2023) +974%

Value 2.58 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +974.2%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0288 t (2023) +28700%

Value 0.0288 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +28700.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0504 t (2023) +114%

Value 0.0504 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +114.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0069 t (2023) +68%

Value 0.0069 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +68.3%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.192 t (2023) -31%

Value 0.192 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -30.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0348 t (2023) +77%

Value 0.0348 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +76.6%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0761 t (2023) +273%

Value 0.0761 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +273.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0079 t (2023) +98%

Value 0.0079 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +97.5%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.371 t (2023) +970%

Value 0.371 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +969.7%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0109 t (2023) +10800%

Value 0.0109 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +10800.0%

Direct N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 8.38 t (2023) +423%

Value 8.38 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +423.1%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for maize 0.0054 t (2023) +4%

Value 0.0054 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +3.8%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for sugar cane 0.015 t (2023) +111%

Value 0.015 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +111.3%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for rice 0.002 t (2023) +150%

Value 0.002 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +150.0%

N₂O emissions from burning crop residues, for wheat 0.362 t (2023) +117%

Value 0.362 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +117.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 0.58 t (2023) +974%

Value 0.58 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +973.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 0.0065 t (2023) —

Value 0.0065 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 0.0113 t (2023) +113%

Value 0.0113 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +113.2%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 0.0016 t (2023) +78%

Value 0.0016 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +77.8%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 0.0431 t (2023) -31%

Value 0.0431 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -30.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes 0.0078 t (2023) +77%

Value 0.0078 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +77.3%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 0.0171 t (2023) +272%

Value 0.0171 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +271.7%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 0.0018 t (2023) +100%

Value 0.0018 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +100.0%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 0.0835 t (2023) +971%

Value 0.0835 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +970.5%

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 0.0025 t (2023) —

Value 0.0025 t (2023)

Change since 1961 —

Indirect N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 1.89 t (2023) +423%

Value 1.89 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +423.2%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for barley 3.16 kt (2023) +974%

Value 3.16 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +974.4%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for dry beans 35.3 t (2023) +17550%

Value 35.3 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +17550.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for maize 61.8 t (2023) +115%

Value 61.8 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +114.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for millet 8.5 t (2023) +70%

Value 8.5 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +70.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for oats 235 t (2023) -31%

Value 235 t (2023)

Change since 1961 -30.6%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for potatoes (kt) 42.6 t (2023) +77%

Value 42.6 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +76.8%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rice 93.2 t (2023) +274%

Value 93.2 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +274.3%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for rye 9.7 t (2023) +98%

Value 9.7 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +98.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for sorghum 455 t (2023) +970%

Value 455 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +969.9%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for soya beans 13.4 t (2023) +13300%

Value 13.4 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +13300.0%

N₂O emissions from crop residues, for wheat 10.3 kt (2023) +423%

Value 10.3 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +423.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds 24.7 kt (2023) +90%

Value 24.7 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +90.1%

N content from crop residues, for barley 164 kt (2023) +974%

Value 164 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +974.3%

N content from crop residues, for dry beans 1.83 kt (2023) +21968%

Value 1.83 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +21968.4%

N content from crop residues, for maize 3.21 kt (2023) +114%

Value 3.21 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +114.1%

N content from crop residues, for millet 439 t (2023) +68%

Value 439 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +67.6%

N content from crop residues, for oats 439 t (2023) +68%

Value 439 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +67.6%

N content from crop residues, for potatoes 2.21 kt (2023) +77%

Value 2.21 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +76.9%

N content from crop residues, for rice 4.84 kt (2023) +274%

Value 4.84 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +273.7%

N content from crop residues, for rye 505 t (2023) +99%

Value 505 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +99.0%

N content from crop residues, for sorghum 23.6 kt (2023) +971%

Value 23.6 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +970.9%

N content from crop residues, for soya beans 696 t (2023) +13078%

Value 696 t (2023)

Change since 1961 +13078.3%

N content from crop residues, for wheat 533 kt (2023) +423%

Value 533 kt (2023)

Change since 1961 +423.1%

Amount of N added to cropland through planting seeds, per hectare of cropland 0.788 kg/ha (2023) -12%

Value 0.788 kg/ha (2023)

Change since 1961 -11.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 50.8 Mt CO₂e (2024) +60%

Value 50.8 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +59.8%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990) 30.9 % change (2024) +3298%

Value 30.9 % change (2024)

Change since 1991 +3298.3%

Ammonia (NH₃) emissions 73.8 kt (2021) +19%

Value 73.8 kt (2021)

Change since 2003 +19.2%

Total nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, excluding LULUCF 20.3 Gt CO₂e (2023) +19%

Value 20.3 Gt CO₂e (2023)

Change since 1990 +19.4%

Total man-made nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions 2.81 kt (2023) +73%

Value 2.81 kt (2023)

Change since 1990 +73.1%

N₂O emissions from all sectors 67,779 Gt CO₂e (2024) +744%

Value 67,779 Gt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1850 +743.7%

Share of global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions 2.31 % (2024) -59%

Value 2.31 % (2024)

Change since 1850 -58.7%

Definition (source: Our World in Data): A dataset describing the global warming response to national emissions CO2, CH4 and N2O from fossil and land use sources during 1851-2024. National CO2 emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2025; Friedlingstein et al., 2025). National CH4 and N2O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2024). We construct a time series of cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH4 and N2O emissions are related to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021). Warming in response to cumulative CO2-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST). The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO2, CH4, N2O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Citation: Jones et al. (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Share of global nitrous oxide emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2025.1” [original data]. Retrieved September 21, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260910-011030/grapher/share-nitrous-oxide-emissions.html (archived on September 10, 2026).

N₂O from all sectors per capita single year 0.836 Mt CO2e/ person (2009) —

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Emissions from buildings (Energy) 1.73 Mt CO₂e (2024) +336%

Value 1.73 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +335.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from fugitive emissions (Energy) 23.1 kt CO₂e (2024) +463%

Value 23.1 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +463.4%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial combustion (Energy) 235 kt CO₂e (2024) +25%

Value 235 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +25.2%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from industrial processes 6.82 Mt CO₂e (2024) +277%

Value 6.82 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +276.7%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from power industry (Energy) 716 kt CO₂e (2024) +271%

Value 716 kt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +271.1%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from transport (Energy) 1.64 Mt CO₂e (2024) +305%

Value 1.64 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +304.6%

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from waste 1.03 Mt CO₂e (2024) +273%

Value 1.03 Mt CO₂e (2024)

Change since 1970 +272.5%

Population (total) 27.6 M (2025) +169%

Value 27.6 M (2025)

Change since 1960 +168.7%

GDP (current US$) 1.8 T$ (2025) +9551%

Value 1.8 T$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +9550.9%

GDP per capita (current US$) 65.1 k$ (2025) +3492%

Value 65.1 k$ (2025)

Change since 1960 +3491.5%

Cropland area (% of land area) 0.0501 % of land area (2023) +123%

Value 0.0501 % of land area (2023)

Change since 1961 +122.5%

Number of Public Policies (All Years) single year 40 policies (2018) —

Number of Public Policies Enacted (by Year) 0 policies (2018) —

Value 0 policies (2018)

Change since 1905 —

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) 2.27 % of GDP (2025) -46%

Value 2.27 % of GDP (2025)

Change since 1990 -45.7%

Cropland area (hectares) 31,374,678 ha (2023) +116%

Value 31,374,678 ha (2023)

Change since 1961 +115.6%

Socio-economic Information

N₂O Emissions by Sector

Indicators

Nitrogen-Related Policies & Regulations